By battling coronavirus, Iran's IRGC hopes to find absolution

Wearing gas masks and waterproof fatigues, members of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps spray streets and hospitals with disinfectant as the country faces one of the world's worst outbreaks of the new coronavirus. Its commanders likely hope it also will wash away something else – the anger the public feels toward the powerful paramilitary force stained by its shooting down of a Ukrainian passenger jet in January. All 176 people on board – most of them Iranian citizens – were killed. The push by the IRGC comes as the new virus has infected thousands and killed senior officials. Ensuring the survival of the government – as well as its own place in power – remains paramount amid one of the world's deadliest virus outbreaks outside of China. The government has declared the fight against the virus a jihad, or holy battle. Even today on March 7, another Iranian MP, Fatemeh Rahbar, has died from the Covid-19 coronavirus according to the country's Fars News Agency. Fear over the virus and the government’s waning credibility has become a major challenge to Iran’s leaders, who already are reeling under the weight of American sanctions. "We have prepared all our health care facilities and specialised cadres that will expand this sacred jihad," said Brig Gen Gholamreza Soleimani, who commands the IRGC's volunteer paramilitary Basij force. That the IRGC is involved in the relief effort of a major catastrophe is not surprising in Iran. The guard, whose forces include an estimated 125,000-plus soldiers and 600,000 mission-ready volunteers, routinely respond to the earthquakes that shake the country. Recent floods saw its troops mobilise as well. Its forces, which include virologists, faced chemical weapons during Iran's eight-year war against Iraq in the 1980s. It expanded into private industry after the war years to help the country rebuild. And the guard has conducted polio and other immunisation drives in the past. "The IRGC sees itself as the lead agency in any threat against the regime," said Afshon Ostovar, an assistant professor at the Naval Postgraduate School in the United States who wrote book on the guard. “Whether it’s protests, a state adversary or a virus, the IRGC will position itself publicly as Iran’s frontline defender.” Today, the guard controls broad parts of Iran's economy, including its powerful construction company Khatam Al Anbiya. Exactly how much it controls is in dispute, with estimates ranging from below 10 per cent to as much as 40 per cent, but Iran's government needs the guard's economic muscle in times of crisis, especially as it faces crushing sanctions from the United States. The IRGC's troops have moved into hard-hit cities such as Tehran, Rasht and Qom. Using modular construction, they've quickly built hospitals and created a headquarters called the Coronavirus Fight Base, staffed with so-called "modern warfare units" that focus on responses to chemical, biological and cyber attacks. Wearing gas masks and suits designed to protect during chemical weapons attacks, IRGC members have been seen washing down areas to kill lingering traces of the Covid-19 virus. They've touted operations to target those hoarding desperately needed medical supplies. “Their show of force regarding the coronavirus is as much political theatre as a public health effort,” Mr Ostovar said. It comes as propaganda images created amid the outbreak have shown doctors and nurses in the foxhole with troops. That contrast also helps mock Iran's civilian government, whose standing among the public already is reeling since President Donald Trump's decision to unilaterally withdraw the US from Iran's 2015 nuclear deal with world powers. "Now hospitals are Iran's front line," one volunteer at an Iranian hospital said her mother told her, in a widely shared online video. "If you leave the front line, you'll be deserter and I do not welcome a draft dodger in my home." That kind of spirit comes as a balm for Guard members, who have seen themselves widely criticised after shooting down Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 on January 8. That same day, the guard had launched ballistic missiles on US forces in Iraq. That attack came as a response to the US drone strike in Baghdad killing Maj Gen Qassem Suleimani, a top commander responsible for the force's expeditionary operations across the wider Mideast. Even before that, the Guard and security forces cracked down on protesters across the country in November, reportedly killing at least 300 people amid a nationwide internet blackout. Some bitterly note the irony of the IRGC using the term “suppression” to describe their anti-virus operations in the wake of the crackdown. "On Covid-19, it's clear that there's been a great deal of mismanagement and so the guards are now trying to present themselves as the saviours," said Ariane Tabatabai, an Iran analyst at the US-based Rand Corp. “And of course, it doesn’t hurt to be able to change the conversation from the airliner episode – although, this will be a hard task to achieve given that both are examples of incompetence and mismanagement.” The risks, however, are clear. If Iran doesn’t get a handle on the virus outbreak, it’s more than just the IRGC’s reputation on the line. Already, top officials in Iran’s civilian government and its Shiite theocracy have contracted the virus, with several deaths. Given that the virus is sweeping through the upper-echelons of power in Tehran and its front-line operation in hospitals, guard members may too come down with Covid-19. The IRGC also has trafficked in baseless conspiracy theories amid the outbreak, with its leader Gen Hossein Salami falsely suggesting the US created the virus amid the wider tensions with America. “We will win in the fight against the virus, which may be the product of the American biological invasion, which it first spread to China and then to Iran and the rest of the world,” Gen Salami told a crowd in the Iranian city of Kerman. “The US must know that if it did it, [the virus] will return to it.” Still, the IRGC's power means it will remain front and centre in any response to the virus crisis. The guard only will grow more powerful if the outbreak remains severe into July, the global analysis firm the Eurasia Group said. “A broader role is likely for the Revolutionary Guard in all aspects of the economic, political and public-health response,” it said in an analysis on Thursday.

By battling coronavirus, Iran's IRGC hopes to find absolution

The elite force sees itself as the regime’s defender against threats, whether invasion, attack or a spreading virus