With a year of upheaval in the Middle East drawing to a close and more turmoil predicted for the year ahead, Iranian adventurism tops the concerns of Gulf leaders.
That is the message of King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud of Saudi Arabia in his call for the formation of an "entity" to confront perils to the region's stability.
"Our security and stability are threatened and we need to live up to our responsibilities," King Abdullah told the summit of the Gulf Cooperation Council on Monday, the first such meeting of the region's heads of state since the start of the Arab Spring. "Our summit opens in the shadow of challenges that require vigilance and a united stance."
The Saudi monarch offered no details of his proposed "union". Analysts say, however, that his chief concern is clear.
"There's the sectarian Iraqi problem, the Syrian implosion and the crisis in Egypt," said Theodore Karasik, enumerating the region's contentious issues.
Nevertheless, "if you rank them, Iran would be number one" for Saudi Arabia and the GCC, said Mr Karasik, director of research at the Institute for Near East and Gulf Military Analysis in Dubai. At the conclusion yesterday of the two-day summit in the Saudi capital, the GCC underscored its impatience with Iran, calling on the Islamic republic to stop meddling in the group's affairs and warning against Tehran's attempts to "instigate sectarian strife".
"Stop these policies and practices ... and stop interfering in the internal affairs" of the Gulf nations, the GCC said in a closing statement. Unlike the king's speech, the bloc's closing statement mentioned Iran by name.
King Abdullah's appeal for stronger measures to ensure security came at the end of a year during which the GCC deployed security forces to Bahrain to help restore order in the face of Shiite-dominated, pro-reform protests. Still, it was not home-grown dissidence but Iranian-inspired and Iranian-sponsored subversion that worried GCC leaders the most, analysts say.
Shiite-led Iran maintains close ties with Syria and funds Lebanon's Hizbollah. It has also increased its influence in neighbouring Iraq with the departure of US troops and continues to enrich uranium in defiance of United Nations resolutions. Iran's recent threat to shut the Strait of Hormuz, meanwhile, caused concern among GCC oil exporters.
Gulf states have also pointed to accusations by the US that Iran backed a plot to assassinate the Saudi ambassador in Washington as proof of Iran's intent to destabilise the region.
Iran is not a new concern for Gulf leaders. The GCC was created in 1981 to counterbalance Iranian aggression during the Iran-Iraq war. Tehran says the GCC's renewed focus on alleged Iranian interference is unfounded and accuses Sunni-led Gulf states of mistreating their Shiite populations.
While King Abdullah in his speech on Monday did not spell out the potential mechanisms for increased GCC cooperation, his comments came just two weeks after a senior Saudi diplomat, former intelligence chief Prince Turki Al Faisal, made a similar plea. Speaking at a forum on Gulf relations in Riyadh on December 5, Prince Turki identified specific areas in which GCC states should deepen their cooperation.
These included establishing an elected regional majlis, adopting a single currency, creating a GCC-wide defence industry and "building of a unified military force, with a clear chain of command".
Prince Turki also said that if Iran obtained nuclear weapons the GCC should "study, seriously, all of the available options, including acquiring WMDs so that future generations will not blame us for neglecting any courses of action that will keep looming dangers away."
Few analysts expect the GCC to use force to counter Iran's bid for greater regional influence. For now, American military power in the region remains a strong deterrent to Iranian aggression. American warships regularly patrol the Gulf, Bahrain is home to the US 5th Fleet, and until this week, thousands of soldiers were stationed in Iraq.
This power is being scaled back. An official with the US administration last week confirmed that the US military presence in the Gulf is set to shrink now that the Iraq war is over.
"I don't think we're looking to reallocate our military footprint in any significant way from Iraq," Ben Rhodes, the deputy national security adviser for strategic communications, said. "They won't be reallocated to other countries in the region in any substantial numbers."
That means responsibility for regional security will increasingly be in the hands of GCC states. Khalid Almezaini, a research fellow at the University of Cambridge and an expert on UAE foreign policy, says Gulf states would prefer not to use force to defend their interests against Iranian aggression.
Nor is there much appetite to further tighten economic sanctions, especially in the UAE, where business ties with Iran are strong.
That leaves political isolation - and increased defensive security - as the GCC's primary tools to repel Iranian advances. The GCC members concluded their two-day meeting with a pledge to study and report back on the idea of greater unity by March.
gbruno@thenational.ae
Padmaavat
Director: Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Starring: Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone, Shahid Kapoor, Jim Sarbh
3.5/5
Kanguva
Director: Siva
Stars: Suriya, Bobby Deol, Disha Patani, Yogi Babu, Redin Kingsley
SERIES INFO
Afghanistan v Zimbabwe, Abu Dhabi Sunshine Series
All matches at the Zayed Cricket Stadium, Abu Dhabi
Test series
1st Test: Zimbabwe beat Afghanistan by 10 wickets
2nd Test: Wednesday, 10 March – Sunday, 14 March
Play starts at 9.30am
T20 series
1st T20I: Wednesday, 17 March
2nd T20I: Friday, 19 March
3rd T20I: Saturday, 20 March
TV
Supporters in the UAE can watch the matches on the Rabbithole channel on YouTube
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COMPANY PROFILE
Name: HyperSpace
Started: 2020
Founders: Alexander Heller, Rama Allen and Desi Gonzalez
Based: Dubai, UAE
Sector: Entertainment
Number of staff: 210
Investment raised: $75 million from investors including Galaxy Interactive, Riyadh Season, Sega Ventures and Apis Venture Partners
COMPANY PROFILE
Founders: Alhaan Ahmed, Alyina Ahmed and Maximo Tettamanzi
Total funding: Self funded
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SQUADS
Pakistan: Sarfraz Ahmed (capt), Azhar Ali, Shan Masood, Sami Aslam, Babar Azam, Asad Shafiq, Haris Sohail, Usman Salahuddin, Yasir Shah, Mohammad Asghar, Bilal Asif, Mir Hamza, Mohammad Amir, Hasan Ali, Mohammad Abbas, Wahab Riaz
Sri Lanka: Dinesh Chandimal (capt), Lahiru Thirimanne (vice-capt), Dimuth Karunaratne, Kaushal Silva, Kusal Mendis, Sadeera Samarawickrama, Roshen Silva, Niroshan Dickwella, Rangana Herath, Lakshan Sandakan, Dilruwan Perera, Suranga Lakmal, Nuwan Pradeep, Vishwa Fernando, Lahiru Gamage
Umpires: Ian Gould (ENG) and Nigel Llong (ENG)
TV umpire: Richard Kettleborough (ENG)
ICC match referee: Andy Pycroft (ZIM)
RESULT
Manchester United 1 Brighton and Hove Albion 0
Man United: Dunk (66' og)
Man of the Match: Shane Duffy (Brighton)
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
WORLD CUP SQUAD
Dimuth Karunaratne (Captain), Angelo Mathews, Avishka Fernando, Lahiru Thirimanne, Kusal Mendis (wk), Kusal Perera (wk), Dhananjaya de Silva, Thisara Perera, Isuru Udana, Jeffrey Vandersay, Jeevan Mendis, Milinda Siriwardana, Lasith Malinga, Suranga Lakmal, Nuwan Pradeep
Venue: Sharjah Cricket Stadium
Date: Sunday, November 25
Business Insights
- Canada and Mexico are significant energy suppliers to the US, providing the majority of oil and natural gas imports
- The introduction of tariffs could hinder the US's clean energy initiatives by raising input costs for materials like nickel
- US domestic suppliers might benefit from higher prices, but overall oil consumption is expected to decrease due to elevated costs
The biog
Age: 59
From: Giza Governorate, Egypt
Family: A daughter, two sons and wife
Favourite tree: Ghaf
Runner up favourite tree: Frankincense
Favourite place on Sir Bani Yas Island: “I love all of Sir Bani Yas. Every spot of Sir Bani Yas, I love it.”
Disclaimer
Director: Alfonso Cuaron
Stars: Cate Blanchett, Kevin Kline, Lesley Manville
Rating: 4/5
The specs
Engine: 1.5-litre 4-cylinder petrol
Power: 154bhp
Torque: 250Nm
Transmission: 7-speed automatic with 8-speed sports option
Price: From Dh79,600
On sale: Now
The specs
Engine: 2-litre or 3-litre 4Motion all-wheel-drive Power: 250Nm (2-litre); 340 (3-litre) Torque: 450Nm Transmission: 8-speed automatic Starting price: From Dh212,000 On sale: Now
TO A LAND UNKNOWN
Director: Mahdi Fleifel
Starring: Mahmoud Bakri, Aram Sabbah, Mohammad Alsurafa
Rating: 4.5/5
Electoral College Victory
Trump has so far secured 295 Electoral College votes, according to the Associated Press, exceeding the 270 needed to win. Only Nevada and Arizona remain to be called, and both swing states are leaning Republican. Trump swept all five remaining swing states, North Carolina, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin, sealing his path to victory and giving him a strong mandate.
Popular Vote Tally
The count is ongoing, but Trump currently leads with nearly 51 per cent of the popular vote to Harris’s 47.6 per cent. Trump has over 72.2 million votes, while Harris trails with approximately 67.4 million.
Nayanthara: Beyond The Fairy Tale
Starring: Nayanthara, Vignesh Shivan, Radhika Sarathkumar, Nagarjuna Akkineni
Director: Amith Krishnan
Rating: 3.5/5
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Wicked
Director: Jon M Chu
Stars: Cynthia Erivo, Ariana Grande, Jonathan Bailey
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From Zero
Artist: Linkin Park
Label: Warner Records
Number of tracks: 11
Rating: 4/5
Citadel: Honey Bunny first episode
Directors: Raj & DK
Stars: Varun Dhawan, Samantha Ruth Prabhu, Kashvi Majmundar, Kay Kay Menon
Rating: 4/5
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THE BIO
Favourite place to go to in the UAE: The desert sand dunes, just after some rain
Who inspires you: Anybody with new and smart ideas, challenging questions, an open mind and a positive attitude
Where would you like to retire: Most probably in my home country, Hungary, but with frequent returns to the UAE
Favorite book: A book by Transilvanian author, Albert Wass, entitled ‘Sword and Reap’ (Kard es Kasza) - not really known internationally
Favourite subjects in school: Mathematics and science
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'The worst thing you can eat'
Trans fat is typically found in fried and baked goods, but you may be consuming more than you think.
Powdered coffee creamer, microwave popcorn and virtually anything processed with a crust is likely to contain it, as this guide from Mayo Clinic outlines:
Baked goods - Most cakes, cookies, pie crusts and crackers contain shortening, which is usually made from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. Ready-made frosting is another source of trans fat.
Snacks - Potato, corn and tortilla chips often contain trans fat. And while popcorn can be a healthy snack, many types of packaged or microwave popcorn use trans fat to help cook or flavour the popcorn.
Fried food - Foods that require deep frying — french fries, doughnuts and fried chicken — can contain trans fat from the oil used in the cooking process.
Refrigerator dough - Products such as canned biscuits and cinnamon rolls often contain trans fat, as do frozen pizza crusts.
Creamer and margarine - Nondairy coffee creamer and stick margarines also may contain partially hydrogenated vegetable oils.
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