Pinpointing cause of death for North Korean leader’s half-brother may be hard



KUALA LUMPUR // Determining whether poison killed the half brother of North Korea’s leader in a busy airport is proving difficult for Malaysian officials, who said on Tuesday that autopsy results have so far been inconclusive.

On Tuesday, armed men stood guard at the morgue holding the body of the assassinated Kim Jong-un, with officials denying reports the dead man’s son had arrived to claim the remains.

More than a week ago, Kim was approached by two women at a budget air terminal in Kuala Lumpur and apparently attacked in the face with an unknown substance. Kim did not suffer a heart attack and had no puncture wounds, such as those a needle would have left, director general of health Noor Hisham Abdullah said. He did not dismiss poison as a potential cause.

“We have to confirm with the lab report before we can make any conclusive remark,” he said, adding that medical specimens have been sent to experts for analysis.

Identifying a specific poison can be challenging, especially if a minute amount was used and it did not penetrate fat cells in the victim’s tissue. If the toxin only entered the bloodstream, it could leave the body very quickly. And even if a substance is found, it would need to match the symptoms Kim experienced before death. The more unique the poison is, the harder it is to find.

“Our lab, for example, traces the usual chemicals,” said Rahmat Awang, director of Malaysia’s National Poison Center in Penang, who said he had yet to receive any samples despite expecting their arrival two days ago. “If the substance involved is not something we often see, the likelihood is that we might not be able to detect it.”

The body of Kim has been at the centre of a diplomatic row between Pyongyang and Malaysia, after North Korea insisted it be returned and objected to an autopsy being performed.

But Malaysia rejected the request, saying the remains must stay in the morgue until a family member comes forward to identify them with a DNA sample.

No family member had yet come forward to claim the body, said Mr Abdullah, the director general of health.

On Monday night Kim’s son Kim Han-sol was due to arrive in Kuala Lumpur from Macau, local media and intelligence sources said, but he said “we’re still waiting for next of kin to come to us”.

Police have so far arrested four people carrying identity documents from North Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam. Those held include two women who were allegedly seen approaching Kim on February 13 as he stood in the departure hall.

One of the women, Doan Thi Huong, a Vietnamese from Nghia Binh, a largely Catholic farming village about 130km south of Hanoi. Her father, Doan Van Thanh, said on Tuesday he could not believe she would do such an “earthshaking” thing.

“She is my daughter and I understand her,” he said in his simply furnished home. “She was scared of rats and toads. She would not have dared to do such thing.”

* Associated Press and Agence France-Presse

What it means to be a conservationist

Who is Enric Sala?

Enric Sala is an expert on marine conservation and is currently the National Geographic Society's Explorer-in-Residence. His love of the sea started with his childhood in Spain, inspired by the example of the legendary diver Jacques Cousteau. He has been a university professor of Oceanography in the US, as well as working at the Spanish National Council for Scientific Research and is a member of the World Economic Forum’s Global Future Council on Biodiversity and the Bio-Economy. He has dedicated his life to protecting life in the oceans. Enric describes himself as a flexitarian who only eats meat occasionally.

What is biodiversity?

According to the United Nations Environment Programme, all life on earth – including in its forests and oceans – forms a “rich tapestry of interconnecting and interdependent forces”. Biodiversity on earth today is the product of four billion years of evolution and consists of many millions of distinct biological species. The term ‘biodiversity’ is relatively new, popularised since the 1980s and coinciding with an understanding of the growing threats to the natural world including habitat loss, pollution and climate change. The loss of biodiversity itself is dangerous because it contributes to clean, consistent water flows, food security, protection from floods and storms and a stable climate. The natural world can be an ally in combating global climate change but to do so it must be protected. Nations are working to achieve this, including setting targets to be reached by 2020 for the protection of the natural state of 17 per cent of the land and 10 per cent of the oceans. However, these are well short of what is needed, according to experts, with half the land needed to be in a natural state to help avert disaster.

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