WASHINGTON // Barack Obama's promise to begin withdrawing US forces from Afghanistan by the summer of 2011 has ignited fierce debate on Capitol Hill and is likely to continue to do so as the US war effort escalates.
Many Republicans have attacked the time frame as "arbitrary", saying that any future withdrawal should be based purely on conditions on the ground. Democrats, meanwhile, have questioned whether Mr Obama is fully committed to the withdrawal "timeline" or what might happen if conditions do not improve over the next 18 months.
Top administration officials - Robert Gates, the defence secretary, Adm Michael Mullen, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Hillary Clinton, the secretary of state - appeared in the first of a series of hearings on Capitol Hill this week to defend Mr Obama's war plan.
Much to the chagrin of legislators, they provided few specifics about the exit strategy, such as how quickly US forces might leave or how long any such drawdown might take.
Mr Gates described the drawdown as a "gradual process of thinning and reducing US forces", that will begin in July 2011, a date first mentioned by Mr Obama in his speech on Tuesday.
He added that the administration plans to engage in a "thorough" review of the war effort in December 2010.
Adm Mullen said that by July 2011 officials expect to know "whether we are going to succeed here or not". He stressed that this is "not a date that we're leaving".
Many analysts believe that Mr Obama's decision to set a timeline is, in part, a political calculation to sell the revised strategy to a war-weary American public and liberal legislators who criticised George W Bush for lacking an endgame in Iraq and Afghanistan.
But, for now, the lack of specifics has irked legislators on both sides of the aisle and only raised more questions.
John McCain, the Arizona senator and former Republican presidential candidate, said imposing an advance timeline for the US commitment "makes no sense".
"I think that's the wrong impression to give our friends. It's the wrong impression to give our enemies," he said on Wednesday during a Senate armed services committee hearing, adding that the exit strategy has "not been made clear at all".
Among the concerns voiced by Mr McCain and other Republicans is that setting a timeline will allow the Taliban and al Qa'eda to lay low and wait for US forces to leave the country, only to re-emerge once US troops return home.
Mr Gates responded to that concern in his testimony, saying he would "welcome" a decision by the Taliban to stand down for the next 18 months because it would create space for the United States and its allies to "build capacity".
Eliot Engel, a New York congressman, echoed many of his Democratic colleagues' concerns on Wednesday when he told the administration officials during a House foreign affairs committee hearing that, despite Mr Obama's assurances, he fears US troops will be "bogged down in an endless war".
"What happens if this doesn't work?" he asked. "Do we leave in three years as the president stated or do we stay longer?"
Many legislators also have sought assurances that Mr Obama will not suddenly change his mind on the troop withdrawal timeline and decide to keep troops in Afghanistan longer.
Administration officials, however, have not been able to provide them.
"I think the president, as commander in chief, always has the option to adjust his decisions," said Mr Gates, who called Mr Obama's promise to scale down the war in 18 months a sign of the president's "strong intent".
"I do not believe we have locked ourselves into leaving," added Mrs Clinton. "What we have done - is to signal very clearly to all audiences that the United States is not interested in occupying Afghanistan."
sstanek@thenational.ae
Our legal columnist
Name: Yousef Al Bahar
Advocate at Al Bahar & Associate Advocates and Legal Consultants, established in 1994
Education: Mr Al Bahar was born in 1979 and graduated in 2008 from the Judicial Institute. He took after his father, who was one of the first Emirati lawyers
AIR
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Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
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Why your domicile status is important
Your UK residence status is assessed using the statutory residence test. While your residence status – ie where you live - is assessed every year, your domicile status is assessed over your lifetime.
Your domicile of origin generally comes from your parents and if your parents were not married, then it is decided by your father. Your domicile is generally the country your father considered his permanent home when you were born.
UK residents who have their permanent home ("domicile") outside the UK may not have to pay UK tax on foreign income. For example, they do not pay tax on foreign income or gains if they are less than £2,000 in the tax year and do not transfer that gain to a UK bank account.
A UK-domiciled person, however, is liable for UK tax on their worldwide income and gains when they are resident in the UK.
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In the village of Mevagissey in southwest England the housing stock has doubled in the last century while the number of residents is half the historic high. The village's Neighbourhood Development Plan states that 26% of homes are holiday retreats. Prices are high, averaging around £300,000, £50,000 more than the Cornish average of £250,000. The local average wage is £15,458.
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Scoreline:
Everton 4
Richarlison 13'), Sigurdsson 28', Digne 56', Walcott 64'
Manchester United 0
Man of the match: Gylfi Sigurdsson (Everton)