The contest for the future of an independent Bosnia unfolded against the backdrop of Yugoslavia’s disintegration in the years following the death of General Tito in 1980 and the collapse of the Soviet Union. Slovenia and Croatia were first to break away in the early 1990s, with the Croatian war leading to a huge refugee crisis.
By 1992, Bosnia with its mix of Serbs, Muslims and Croats sought independence but this was resisted by Serbs elsewhere in the remainder of Yugoslavia who wanted to forge a greater Serbia. The Bosnian War lasted from the spring of 1992 until December 14, 1995. The warring parties were the majority Bosniaks (44 per cent, mainly Bosnian Muslims under Alija Izetbegovic), the Orthodox Serbs (31 per cent, under Radovan Karadzic) and Catholic Croats (17 per cent, effectively under Franjo Tudjman).
At the heart of the war was the five-year siege of Sarajevo, Bosnia’s multicultural capital, by Karadzic’s Army of Republika Srpska, bolstered by forces loyal to the Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic. The army’s commander, General Ratko Mladic, would later be held responsible for the war’s most chilling example of ethnic cleansing: at Srebrenica, where an estimated 8,000 Muslim men and boys were executed as part of a broader effort to expel the Bosniaks from the region.
The war finally ended following the Dayton Peace Agreement, signed in Paris on December 14, 1995, which effectively divided Bosnia into two areas of roughly-equivalent size: one for the Serbs, the other shared by Bosniaks and Croats.
Milosevic and Karadzic were tried by a United Nations war crimes tribunal. Milosevic died before a verdict could be reached, but last year, Karadzic was jailed for 40 years after being found guilty on 10 of 11 counts. A verdict on Mladic is due next year.
Serbia’s union with Montenegro was dissolved in 2006. Both countries are now independent, while in 2008, Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia. Yugoslavia has now been wiped from the map of Europe.
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RESULTS
Bantamweight
Victor Nunes (BRA) beat Siyovush Gulmamadov (TJK)
(Split decision)
Featherweight
Hussein Salim (IRQ) beat Shakhriyor Juraev (UZB)
(Round 1 submission, armbar)
Catchweight 80kg
Rashed Dawood (UAE) beat Otabek Kadirov (UZB)
(Round-1 submission, rear naked choke)
Lightweight
Ho Taek-oh (KOR) beat Ronald Girones (CUB)
(Round 3 submission, triangle choke)
Lightweight
Arthur Zaynukov (RUS) beat Damien Lapilus (FRA)
(Unanimous points)
Bantamweight
Vinicius de Oliveira (BRA) beat Furkatbek Yokubov (RUS)
(Round 1 TKO)
Featherweight
Movlid Khaybulaev (RUS) v Zaka Fatullazade (AZE)
(Round 1 rear naked choke)
Flyweight
Shannon Ross (TUR) beat Donovon Freelow (USA)
(Unanimous decision)
Lightweight
Dan Collins (GBR) beat Mohammad Yahya (UAE)
(Round 2 submission D’arce choke)
Catchweight 73kg
Martun Mezhulmyan (ARM) beat Islam Mamedov (RUS)
(Round 3 submission, kneebar)
Bantamweight world title
Xavier Alaoui (MAR) beat Jaures Dea (CAM)
(Unanimous points 48-46, 49-45, 49-45)
Flyweight world title
Manon Fiorot (FRA) v Gabriela Campo (ARG)
(Round 1 RSC)
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: HyperSpace
Started: 2020
Founders: Alexander Heller, Rama Allen and Desi Gonzalez
Based: Dubai, UAE
Sector: Entertainment
Number of staff: 210
Investment raised: $75 million from investors including Galaxy Interactive, Riyadh Season, Sega Ventures and Apis Venture Partners
The specs
Engine: 77.4kW all-wheel-drive dual motor
Power: 320bhp
Torque: 605Nm
Transmission: Single-speed automatic
Price: From Dh219,000
On sale: Now
More from UAE Human Development Report:
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Almnssa
Started: August 2020
Founder: Areej Selmi
Based: Gaza
Sectors: Internet, e-commerce
Investments: Grants/private funding
In numbers: China in Dubai
The number of Chinese people living in Dubai: An estimated 200,000
Number of Chinese people in International City: Almost 50,000
Daily visitors to Dragon Mart in 2018/19: 120,000
Daily visitors to Dragon Mart in 2010: 20,000
Percentage increase in visitors in eight years: 500 per cent
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If you go
Where to stay: Courtyard by Marriott Titusville Kennedy Space Centre has unparalleled views of the Indian River. Alligators can be spotted from hotel room balconies, as can several rocket launch sites. The hotel also boasts cool space-themed decor.
When to go: Florida is best experienced during the winter months, from November to May, before the humidity kicks in.
How to get there: Emirates currently flies from Dubai to Orlando five times a week.
Formula Middle East Calendar (Formula Regional and Formula 4)
Round 1: January 17-19, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 2: January 22-23, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 3: February 7-9, Dubai Autodrome – Dubai
Round 4: February 14-16, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 5: February 25-27, Jeddah Corniche Circuit – Saudi Arabia
Paatal Lok season two
Directors: Avinash Arun, Prosit Roy
Stars: Jaideep Ahlawat, Ishwak Singh, Lc Sekhose, Merenla Imsong
Rating: 4.5/5
The specs
Engine: Dual 180kW and 300kW front and rear motors
Power: 480kW
Torque: 850Nm
Transmission: Single-speed automatic
Price: From Dh359,900 ($98,000)
On sale: Now
