Jordan's oil shale programme has been in the works since 2008, when record oil prices which reached as $147 a barrel prompted the government to push for development of its reserves with the help of Estonia's company Enefit - the world's largest oil shale producer. AP / Gary Peach
Jordan's oil shale programme has been in the works since 2008, when record oil prices which reached as $147 a barrel prompted the government to push for development of its reserves with the help of EsShow more

Jordan awards oil shale concessions as it looks to energy independence



Jordan's energy ministry has awarded a Saudi company 40-year rights to exploit two oil shale reserves as the energy-deficit nation looks at various sources to minimise its reliance on energy imports.

The agreement with Amman-based Karak International Oil as well as the Saudi Arabian Corporation for Oil Shale will see production of 25,000 barrels per and 30,000 bpd respectively of crude from deposits in the Lajoun and Umm Ghadran areas, with 2,500 bpd targeted at the initial phase, according to the ministry.

Jordan, according to the World Energy Council has the world's eighth largest reserves of oil shale, which not to be confused with shale oil is formed of organic fine-grained sedimentary rock, from which oil can be extracted through heating. The kingdom which imports more than 90 per cent of its energy needs has been looking to shake off the burden of energy imports which continues to widen its fiscal deficit.

Last year, the kingdom's energy import bill reached nearly $3 billion with the government looking at alternative sources, including developing renewable energy schemes as well as a Russian-engineered nuclear power plant.

Jordan's oil shale programme has been in the works since 2008, when record oil prices which reached as $147 a barrel prompted the government to push for development of its reserves with the help of Estonia's company Enefit - the world's largest oil shale producer.

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However, the kingdom's plans to become a net exporter of oil soon was put on the back burner, The price of oil began to decline making financing for such projects harder and the Arab Gas Pipeline which used to supply Jordan with gas was disrupted after coming under several attacks by militants in the Sinai Peninsula following the Egyptian revolution in 2012.

In March, Enefit's Jordanian affiliate Attarat Power Company reached financial close to build a $2.1bn oil shale-fired power plant with the help of a consortium of Chinese banks.

The 500-megawatt facility being built in Jordan would be the world's second-largest oil shale-to-power plant and had planned for start-up in 2017.

Jordan's ambitions to build an oil-fired power plant comes in stark contrast to regional moves towards cleaner fuel sources such as gas, which is being increasingly switched for fuel oil in neighbouring Saudi Arabia.

Earlier this month, the Jordanian cabinet approved a much-delayed pipeline to receive oil and gas from Basra in southern Iraq. While much of the crude would be exported, some of it could be available for the country's expanding Zarqa refinery. The kingdom's fiscal spending is heavily reliant on grants and loans from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the GCC and the European Union.

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Name: HyperSpace
 
Started: 2020
 
Founders: Alexander Heller, Rama Allen and Desi Gonzalez
 
Based: Dubai, UAE
 
Sector: Entertainment 
 
Number of staff: 210 
 
Investment raised: $75 million from investors including Galaxy Interactive, Riyadh Season, Sega Ventures and Apis Venture Partners
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Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.

Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.

Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.

“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.

Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.

From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.

Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.

BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.

Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.

Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.

“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.

“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.

“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”

The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”

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COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Almnssa
Started: August 2020
Founder: Areej Selmi
Based: Gaza
Sectors: Internet, e-commerce
Investments: Grants/private funding