Guilt trip: transport's carbon cost



ABU DHABI // Mankind's need to move people and goods may be our biggest single source of the carbon emissions causing global climate change. While the transport sector is estimated to contribute 28 to 30 per cent of US and European greenhouse emissions, in the UAE it may be as much as 35 per cent.

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Last Updated: June 12, 2011

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Making transport more sustainable for the environment is a major challenge for governments and industry across the world.

The basic concept of modern transport machines was designed long ago, before humanity had to worry about energy security or global climate change. Vehicles are still metal structures propelled by combustion engines - and that is unlikely to change any time soon.

So the question being asked by scientists today is, given those parameters, how can we make transport less carbon-intensive?

There are two clear answers. One is to use fuel that does not generate so much carbon dioxide - like electricity or biofuels.

The other, less obvious solution is to reduce vehicles' fuel consumption by changing the basic components of the craft. Lighter crafts use less fuel, and expel less carbon. Reducing the weight of a car by 10 per cent makes it six to eight per cent less thirsty. Over the life of a vehicle, almost three quarters of the energy it consumes is used for driving (most of the rest is used in manufacture). Making vehicles lighter will lead to significant fuel savings.

Achieving this requires improving the basic materials. To cut the most weight, one should target its heaviest component - generally the outer body of the vehicle.

But the body frame is a necessary part of the vehicle that cannot be compromised. Any replacement material must be lighter while remaining equally strong and safe.

The way to do this is with advanced lightweight alloys in place of the steel components of a vehicle. Candidates include certain alloys of aluminium, magnesium and titanium.

In the past, the challenge has been the alloys' limited qualities compared with steel. Industry has struggled to mould them into the desired shapes while maintaining resilience. They also tend to be harder to work with; unlike steel, they cannot be made at room temperature - which has in the past made them more costly to produce. Scientists must therefore come up with better ways to shape and fabricate these alloys while keeping the price down.

Researchers at the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology are now working to do just that. They have embarked on research into friction stir welding and superplastic forming technologies that may not only be able to provide Abu Dhabi's fledgling aviation sector a huge competitive edge, but could also greatly reduce transport's contribution to climate change.

Friction stir technology allows the joining and processing of materials that are hard to join and process with conventional methods. Invented in the 1990s, it has still yet to be explored from all angles, meaning there are huge opportunities to develop it further.

One of our recent graduates focused his master's project on developing a numerical model for friction stir welding that can predict the properties of a material after undergoing the process. Such a model allows the effect of different techniques to be investigated more easily, using computer simulation.

As previous research into friction stir welding has been largely based on experimental results - which is both costly and time-consuming - the model has great potential benefits for industry.

Superplastic forming, meanwhile, is a shape-forming process that uses pressurised gas to form sheet metals into a single die. It offers many advantages over conventional forming operations, allowing lighter and more complex components to be produced.

Many challenges remain, though. The process is done at elevated temperatures and is very complicated, making it hard to predict and optimise - critical for industrial application.

Having a predictive tool model is extremely important, which is why Masdar Institute's researchers are working on developing just such tools, to simulate and thereby optimise the superplastic forming process.

In both cases, the Masdar Institute is creating a research and development infrastructure and expertise in sustainable manufacturing and advanced materials processing. In time, the findings can be extended to other important applications such as advanced heat exchangers, fuel cells and biomedical implants.

That way, the institute hopes to make a worthy contribution to Abu Dhabi's goal of developing its aviation, aerospace and advanced metals industries, while helping to make transportation more sustainable worldwide.

* Dr Marwan Khraisheh is the dean of engineering at the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology and professor of the mechanical engineering programme.

newsdesk@thenational.ae

COMPANY PROFILE
Name: ARDH Collective
Based: Dubai
Founders: Alhaan Ahmed, Alyina Ahmed and Maximo Tettamanzi
Sector: Sustainability
Total funding: Self funded
Number of employees: 4
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Need to know

Unlike other mobile wallets and payment apps, a unique feature of eWallet is that there is no need to have a bank account, credit or debit card to do digital payments.

Customers only need a valid Emirates ID and a working UAE mobile number to register for eWallet account.

Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.

Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.

Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.

“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.

Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.

From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.

Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.

BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.

Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.

Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.

“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.

“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.

“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”

The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”

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If you go…

Emirates launched a new daily service to Mexico City this week, flying via Barcelona from Dh3,995.

Emirati citizens are among 67 nationalities who do not require a visa to Mexico. Entry is granted on arrival for stays of up to 180 days. 

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COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Almnssa
Started: August 2020
Founder: Areej Selmi
Based: Gaza
Sectors: Internet, e-commerce
Investments: Grants/private funding
The specs

Engine: 1.5-litre 4-cylinder petrol

Power: 154bhp

Torque: 250Nm

Transmission: 7-speed automatic with 8-speed sports option 

Price: From Dh79,600

On sale: Now

Key facilities
  • Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
  • Premier League-standard football pitch
  • 400m Olympic running track
  • NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
  • 600-seat auditorium
  • Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
  • An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
  • Specialist robotics and science laboratories
  • AR and VR-enabled learning centres
  • Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: HyperSpace
 
Started: 2020
 
Founders: Alexander Heller, Rama Allen and Desi Gonzalez
 
Based: Dubai, UAE
 
Sector: Entertainment 
 
Number of staff: 210 
 
Investment raised: $75 million from investors including Galaxy Interactive, Riyadh Season, Sega Ventures and Apis Venture Partners
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Top investing tips for UAE residents in 2021

Build an emergency fund: Make sure you have enough cash to cover six months of expenses as a buffer against unexpected problems before you begin investing, advises Steve Cronin, the founder of DeadSimpleSaving.com.

Think long-term: When you invest, you need to have a long-term mindset, so don’t worry about momentary ups and downs in the stock market.

Invest worldwide: Diversify your investments globally, ideally by way of a global stock index fund.

Is your money tied up: Avoid anything where you cannot get your money back in full within a month at any time without any penalty.

Skip past the promises: “If an investment product is offering more than 10 per cent return per year, it is either extremely risky or a scam,” Mr Cronin says.

Choose plans with low fees: Make sure that any funds you buy do not charge more than 1 per cent in fees, Mr Cronin says. “If you invest by yourself, you can easily stay below this figure.” Managed funds and commissionable investments often come with higher fees.

Be sceptical about recommendations: If someone suggests an investment to you, ask if they stand to gain, advises Mr Cronin. “If they are receiving commission, they are unlikely to recommend an investment that’s best for you.”

Get financially independent: Mr Cronin advises UAE residents to pursue financial independence. Start with a Google search and improve your knowledge via expat investing websites or Facebook groups such as SimplyFI. 

Paltan

Producer: JP Films, Zee Studios
Director: JP Dutta
Cast: Jackie Shroff, Sonu Sood, Arjun Rampal, Siddhanth Kapoor, Luv Sinha and Harshvardhan Rane
Rating: 2/5

What can you do?

Document everything immediately; including dates, times, locations and witnesses

Seek professional advice from a legal expert

You can report an incident to HR or an immediate supervisor

You can use the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation’s dedicated hotline

In criminal cases, you can contact the police for additional support

Our legal consultant

Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais

Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.

Our legal consultant

Name: Dr Hassan Mohsen Elhais

Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.

Formula Middle East Calendar (Formula Regional and Formula 4)
Round 1: January 17-19, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
 
Round 2: January 22-23, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
 
Round 3: February 7-9, Dubai Autodrome – Dubai
 
Round 4: February 14-16, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
 
Round 5: February 25-27, Jeddah Corniche Circuit – Saudi Arabia