Calling someone a metal mouth may be a modern taunt, but the Mayans were inlaying teeth with jade nearly 2,000 years ago. Hippocrates and Aristotle wrote about dentistry circa 400BC, and the Etruscans (from what is now Tuscany and Umbria) tried to protect teeth for the afterlife with dental appliances, as part of their burial rituals. One Roman tomb showed evidence of teeth bound in place with gold wire, and there is a suggestion that even Cleopatra wore braces, while still alive.
Dentistry, however, didn’t really get going until the 17th century, coming into its own during the 18th and 19th centuries when advances in materials and, most importantly, pain relief allowed more invasive work to be carried out. With improving lives and diets, an increasing number of people began to straighten their teeth with wires that pulled everything into alignment.
While braces remain the bane of adolescent life, the rise of hip-hop resulted in a very different manifestation – the grill. Also known as fronts or gold, the practice of covering teeth with a removable metal plate of silver, gold or platinum first began in New York in the 1980s, when Eddie Plein, owner of Eddie's Gold Teeth, made a set of gold caps for Public Enemy's Flavor Flav. Over the following years, as rap became increasingly mainstream, so too did its fashions, and by 2012, American Olympics swimmer Ryan Lochte was wearing a grill emblazoned with the US flag, and Katy Perry's grill spelt out Roar a year later. Beyoncé, Lady Gaga and Rihanna all took to wearing them, but by 2014, two millennia of innovation screeched to a halt when Madonna – then 54 – stepped out in a set.
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Read more:
Deconstructing: Henna
Deconstructing: The crew cut
Deconstructing: Denim
Deconstructing: Gloves
Deconstructing: Cufflinks
Deconstructing: Movember
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A Dog's Journey
Directed by: Gail Mancuso
Starring: Dennis Quaid, Josh Gad, Marg Helgenberger, Betty Gilpin, Kathryn Prescott
3 out of 5 stars
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Tips on buying property during a pandemic
Islay Robinson, group chief executive of mortgage broker Enness Global, offers his advice on buying property in today's market.
While many have been quick to call a market collapse, this simply isn’t what we’re seeing on the ground. Many pockets of the global property market, including London and the UAE, continue to be compelling locations to invest in real estate.
While an air of uncertainty remains, the outlook is far better than anyone could have predicted. However, it is still important to consider the wider threat posed by Covid-19 when buying bricks and mortar.
Anything with outside space, gardens and private entrances is a must and these property features will see your investment keep its value should the pandemic drag on. In contrast, flats and particularly high-rise developments are falling in popularity and investors should avoid them at all costs.
Attractive investment property can be hard to find amid strong demand and heightened buyer activity. When you do find one, be prepared to move hard and fast to secure it. If you have your finances in order, this shouldn’t be an issue.
Lenders continue to lend and rates remain at an all-time low, so utilise this. There is no point in tying up cash when you can keep this liquidity to maximise other opportunities.
Keep your head and, as always when investing, take the long-term view. External factors such as coronavirus or Brexit will present challenges in the short-term, but the long-term outlook remains strong.
Finally, keep an eye on your currency. Whenever currency fluctuations favour foreign buyers, you can bet that demand will increase, as they act to secure what is essentially a discounted property.
COMPANY PROFILE
Founders: Alhaan Ahmed, Alyina Ahmed and Maximo Tettamanzi
Total funding: Self funded
Zayed Sustainability Prize
Farasan Boat: 128km Away from Anchorage
Director: Mowaffaq Alobaid
Stars: Abdulaziz Almadhi, Mohammed Al Akkasi, Ali Al Suhaibani
Rating: 4/5
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Business Insights
- Canada and Mexico are significant energy suppliers to the US, providing the majority of oil and natural gas imports
- The introduction of tariffs could hinder the US's clean energy initiatives by raising input costs for materials like nickel
- US domestic suppliers might benefit from higher prices, but overall oil consumption is expected to decrease due to elevated costs
The specs: 2018 Nissan Patrol Nismo
Price: base / as tested: Dh382,000
Engine: 5.6-litre V8
Gearbox: Seven-speed automatic
Power: 428hp @ 5,800rpm
Torque: 560Nm @ 3,600rpm
Fuel economy, combined: 12.7L / 100km
The specs
Engine: 3.8-litre V6
Power: 295hp at 6,000rpm
Torque: 355Nm at 5,200rpm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 10.7L/100km
Price: Dh179,999-plus
On sale: now
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Company%20Profile
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Arrogate's winning run
1. Maiden Special Weight, Santa Anita Park, June 5, 2016
2. Allowance Optional Claiming, Santa Anita Park, June 24, 2016
3. Allowance Optional Claiming, Del Mar, August 4, 2016
4. Travers Stakes, Saratoga, August 27, 2016
5. Breeders' Cup Classic, Santa Anita Park, November 5, 2016
6. Pegasus World Cup, Gulfstream Park, January 28, 2017
7. Dubai World Cup, Meydan Racecourse, March 25, 2017
