Acrophobia, or fear of heights, is a common form of anxiety. Getty Images
Acrophobia, or fear of heights, is a common form of anxiety. Getty Images

Phobias can develop any time – but they don't have to rule your life



I am on a beach watching a fish jump out of the sea. Then my mind wanders off somewhere deep in my subconscious. When it returns I am in Brazil and I can see butterflies.

Moments later, my eyes blink repeatedly as I am stirred from a deep state of relaxation by the clinical hypnotherapist and personal development coach Yvonne Morgan.

The session has lasted a matter of minutes but, in that time, Morgan has taken my overactive mind on a calming journey.

Relaxing me is the first step in a process of five one-hour sessions to help me conquer my fears of snakes and heights.

While I consider my fears rational - they are easily avoided - for others fear can transform into a full-blown phobia, an anxiety disorder that causes an overwhelming need to avoid all contact with the source of the phobia.

This is the reality for the 11-year-old Joe Thompson, whose story has gripped the UAE over the past few weeks.

Joe's family has moved back to the UK after living in the UAE for several years, but Joe and his father Tony, a quality manager at a private hospital, have yet to join them because the youngster has developed a debilitating fear of flying.

Despite travelling long-haul regularly in his short life, Joe and his family have no idea why his phobia suddenly developed in March. Repeated attempts since then to board a plane have failed despite help from therapists and the use of sedatives.

His father describes Joe's reaction as "like the flick of a switch". One moment he is fine but the moment they enter the terminal his breathing changes and he starts to cry and get anxious.

Joe told The National last month: "I feel terrified. I don't know what to do. I just can't do it."

Indications of phobias include a feeling of panic or dread and physical symptoms such as shaking, sweating, a rapid heart rate, breathing difficulties and nausea.

But what causes a phobia is more difficult to define.

"There are a variety of reasons," says Morgan. "The patient may have had a sensitising event, so they might have had a dreadful long-distance flight or bad turbulence. While most people will just think it was an awful flight and forget about it, for others it's almost as if the memory gets lodged by the unconscious mind as a warning.

"The unconscious mind will then be on the lookout for any other situation or experience that could match that experience. It goes into red alert."

Phobias can also arise if relatives have fears that the sufferer effectively inherits.

"Immediate family members of people with phobias are about three times more likely to also suffer from a phobia than those who do not have such a family history," says Dr Raymond Hamden, a clinical and forensic psychologist at the Human Relations Institute in Dubai. He says phobias account for 20 per cent of the cases his clinic treats. "People whose parents either were overly protective or were distant in raising them may be at more risk of developing phobias."

Dr Hamden says there are three types of phobia: social phobia, such as a fear of public speaking, meeting new people or other social situations; agoraphobia, a fear of being outside; and specific phobias, such as a fear of particular items or situations.

Morgan says the most common phobias she deals with at her Dubai office are a fear of giving presentations, fear of the dentist, fear of getting ill and a fear of flying.

While they are all potentially avoidable, people living in the UAE will struggle to avoid flying, which is why Joe and his father are now staying here while Joe's anxieties are treated.

While there were plans to drive overland to the UK, these were shelved this week after Joe's fears extended to all forms of travel.

But the youngster is not alone.

For even frequent flyers can fall victim, such as Bobby Singh, 30, a Dubai resident who flew up to eight times a week for his job running an executive search business.

"I had responsibility for offices in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and Oman, so I would start flying on a Sunday morning and return on a Thursday afternoon.

"I was flying so much that I became paranoid and stopped enjoying it. I'd panic, thinking, 'What if, what if, what if?' So I turned up to work one day and said: 'I'm not doing it anymore'."

While Singh struggles to understand why he developed his phobia, Morgan explains that a sudden fear might not be as random as it seems.

"There will always be an underlying anxiety that might manifest itself as a fear of flying but could easily manifest itself as a fear of anything else," she explains.

"A patient I'm seeing at the moment had a panic attack driving back from Abu Dhabi to Dubai. Prior to that he had the same kind of experience on a flight. What often happens if you have a panic attack on a flight or on a motorway is that you will automatically attribute it to that situation but it could be random. That panic attack could have happened at the same time on the same day [while the patient was] doing something else.

"People are always looking for an explanation and, instead of stepping back and thinking 'I am very stressed at the moment', they wonder what is going on."

Singh certainly understands that the stressful life he was living before the onset of his phobia could have been a factor.

"Maybe it wasn't the actual flight but the whole process - working too many hours, flying so much and being away from home - but my mind blamed it on the physical process of the flight."

Singh avoided dealing with his fear for almost three years, partly because the onset coincided with the global economic crisis and the closure of regional offices.

But after the British company boss and his wife booked a flight home for a wedding in December, he panicked and struggled to sleep as the flight loomed nearer and nearer.

After a friend recommended trying a hypnotherapist, he contacted Morgan, paying Dh400 a session for five sessions.

Morgan uses a variety of techniques, drawing on classic hypnotherapy, which allows the unconscious mind to respond to positive suggestion; neurolinguistic programming, which offers tools to help patients redesign their thinking; and cognitive behavioural therapy, a psychotherapeutic approach that uses exercises to help patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviour.

"We get people relaxed and find out what's going on in their life that could be contributing to any residual anxiety. This can be stress at work, at home or even something as simple as not enough sleep or an imbalance in their diet such as too much caffeine or sugar, and those are easy for people to start modifying," says Morgan.

"For any kind of fear or phobia to be activated, there needs to be an existing stress and, of course, the unconscious mind - which is the place where phobias are held, if you like - won't respond to any kind of change work until it realises you are relaxed."

Once Morgan has established what the fear is, she uses visualisation and rewind techniques to help patients think about the experience more positively.

"If I had a client with a fear of heights who was wanting to go up the Burj Khalifa, then I'd get them to imagine having come down, having taken lots of pictures and feeling comfortable, knowing that they are here quite safe in my office."

By working backwards through the experience while the person is completely relaxed, it effectively scrambles a person's memory of an experience or event and minimises the impact.

"It's all about diffusing the anxiety and changing the template and normalising something," Morgan adds.

The process certainly worked for Singh, who says his flight back to the UK was absolutely fine.

"I'd happily go and jump on a flight now. I've flown frequently since and would say I am cured."

At the Human Relations Institute, Dr Hamden also uses cognitive behavioural therapy, but says those who don't respond to traditional psychological techniques can receive medication from a doctor. Treatments include antidepressants and tranquillisers.

Then there's a more controversial self-help method favoured by some: facing your fear head on. While a qualified therapist is unlikely to recommend such extreme treatment (many believe it can only heighten levels of anxiety), for Abed Rafiq, 26, a public relations manager, the best way to treat his fear of heights was to go skydiving.

"It was a spur of the moment thing," he explains. "I saw the ad and thought, 'This might just work'. I've always had a fear of heights. I remember about 12 years ago I went to an old castle in Syria. I climbed the tower and when I came out there was no ledge at the top. I was so terrified I couldn't even get my head out of the staircase; I froze up, could feel my stomach churning and felt dizzy.

"I wouldn't say my fear was inhibiting my life but it had reached a point where I couldn't take it anymore and needed to fix it."

On the day of his tandem skydive jump, in May 2010, Syrian Rafiq forced himself to go through with it, fighting his anxiety at every stage.

"I was frozen and couldn't jump so the guy tied to me had to push me out of the plane.

"Ten seconds later it hit me that I was literally falling. The ground was coming closer and my brain started freaking me out and then I thought, 'This actually isn't too bad'.

"Landing was one of the best feelings of my life. Something in me had changed."

Since then he has done three more jumps and now wants to get his skydiving licence.

However, Rafiq would not describe himself as 100 per cent cured.

"If I stand too close to the edge of a ledge I'd probably get dizzy, but it's not as bad as it used to be. I also have a fear of spiders. It's nothing chronic but I'm not going to have an up-close and personal session with a spider any time soon."

Common phobias

Ablutophobia Fear of washing or bathing

Achluophobia Fear of -darkness

Acousticophobia Fear of noise

Aichmophobia Fear of -needles or pointed objects

Chiraptophobia Fear of -being touched

Chrometophobia Fear of money

Dentophobia Fear of the dentist

Hypsiphobia Fear of heights

Nosophobia Fear of -becoming ill

Tachophobia Fear of speed

Xenophobia Fear of -strangers or foreigners

Zoophobia Fear of animals

UPI facts

More than 2.2 million Indian tourists arrived in UAE in 2023
More than 3.5 million Indians reside in UAE
Indian tourists can make purchases in UAE using rupee accounts in India through QR-code-based UPI real-time payment systems
Indian residents in UAE can use their non-resident NRO and NRE accounts held in Indian banks linked to a UAE mobile number for UPI transactions

MATCH INFO

Uefa Champions League semi-finals, second leg:

Liverpool (0) v Barcelona (3), Tuesday, 11pm UAE

Game is on BeIN Sports

Volvo ES90 Specs

Engine: Electric single motor (96kW), twin motor (106kW) and twin motor performance (106kW)

Power: 333hp, 449hp, 680hp

Torque: 480Nm, 670Nm, 870Nm

On sale: Later in 2025 or early 2026, depending on region

Price: Exact regional pricing TBA

COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Kumulus Water
 
Started: 2021
 
Founders: Iheb Triki and Mohamed Ali Abid
 
Based: Tunisia 
 
Sector: Water technology 
 
Number of staff: 22 
 
Investment raised: $4 million 
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The Sand Castle

Director: Matty Brown

Stars: Nadine Labaki, Ziad Bakri, Zain Al Rafeea, Riman Al Rafeea

Rating: 2.5/5

Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.

Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.

Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.

“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.

Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.

From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.

Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.

BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.

Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.

Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.

“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.

“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.

“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”

The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”

Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)

What is THAAD?

It is considered to be the US' most superior missile defence system.

Production:

It was first created in 2008.

Speed:

THAAD missiles can travel at over Mach 8, so fast that it is hypersonic.

Abilities:

THAAD is designed to take out projectiles, namely ballistic missiles, as they are on their downward trajectory towards their target, otherwise known as the "terminal phase".

Purpose:

To protect high-value strategic sites, such as airfields or population centres.

Range:

THAAD can target projectiles both inside and outside of the Earth's atmosphere, at an altitude of 93 miles above the Earth's surface.

Creators:

Lockheed Martin was originally granted the contract to develop the system in 1992. Defence company Raytheon sub-contracts to develop other major parts of the system, such as ground-based radar.

UAE and THAAD:

In 2011, the UAE became the first country outside of the US to buy two THAAD missile defence systems. It then deployed them in 2016, becoming the first Gulf country to do so.

Cricket World Cup League 2

UAE results
Lost to Oman by eight runs
Beat Namibia by three wickets
Lost to Oman by 12 runs
Beat Namibia by 43 runs

UAE fixtures
Free admission. All fixtures broadcast live on icc.tv

Tuesday March 15, v PNG at Sharjah Cricket Stadium
Friday March 18, v Nepal at Dubai International Stadium
Saturday March 19, v PNG at Dubai International Stadium
Monday March 21, v Nepal at Dubai International Stadium

Ain Issa camp:
  • Established in 2016
  • Houses 13,309 people, 2,092 families, 62 per cent children
  • Of the adult population, 49 per cent men, 51 per cent women (not including foreigners annexe)
  • Most from Deir Ezzor and Raqqa
  • 950 foreigners linked to ISIS and their families
  • NGO Blumont runs camp management for the UN
  • One of the nine official (UN recognised) camps in the region
THE BIO: Martin Van Almsick

Hometown: Cologne, Germany

Family: Wife Hanan Ahmed and their three children, Marrah (23), Tibijan (19), Amon (13)

Favourite dessert: Umm Ali with dark camel milk chocolate flakes

Favourite hobby: Football

Breakfast routine: a tall glass of camel milk