Ali Abdullah Saleh spent his last days striving to bring peace to Yemen. It is his push for an end to war that led to his gruesome assassination on Monday. Saleh dominated Yemen for more than three decades, emerging as president of North Yemen in 1978 before becoming the head, in 1990, of the entire country. He reluctantly exited the presidency in 2012, just under a year after anti-government protests swept through Yemen. In a deal conceived in Saudi Arabia and endorsed by the permanent members of the United Nations and the Gulf Cooperation Council, Saleh was granted full immunity and could remain in his country. But instead of going into retirement, he made an energetic attempt to retake power. In this pursuit, he entered into a marriage of convenience with the Iranian-backed Houthi militias that has now culminated in his own treacherous death.
In the days ahead, there will be a multitude of reflections on the life of Saleh; but about the reason for his death there can be no dispute. He has been killed because he wanted, in his own words, to “turn the page”. After years of bloodshed, Saleh appears to have concluded that his alliance with the Houthis, instead of returning Yemen’s control to him, was going to annihilate Yemen. His last act was also the finest hour of his life. He defied the Houthis and their masters in Iran – and paid with his life.
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Read more
Yemen's Houthis claim Saleh has been killed
Yemen crisis: Saleh's party confirms his death
Cheers for ex-president Saleh, jeers for the Houthis who tore Yemen apart
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Yemen is now deadlier than ever before. “The militias of treason are finished and their leader has been killed,” declared the Houthi-controlled interior ministry in a triumphant statement. With this, the Houthis are signalling to any other potential peace seekers that they are now Sanaa’s rulers and defying them will have fatal consequences. This is a colossal blow to the prospects of peace that surfaced when Saleh broke from the Houthis. And it can only crush the already bruised spirits of the millions of Yemenis who have endured, and continue to endure, disease, deprivation and starvation under Houthi rule. Any hope of an abatement to their suffering is now indefinitely deferred.
What is happening in Yemen is inseparable from the wider security of the Middle East. For Yemen is not a standalone or self-contained nightmare but one of the many crises meticulously engineered as part of a larger project for regional hegemony by Iran. As HR McMaster, the US national security adviser, said on Saturday, Tehran is fueling and accelerating “cycles of violence” across the Middle East so that it “can take advantage of chaos and weak states to make them dependent on Iran”. Under the Houthis, Yemen has become a launching pad for Iranian-supplied missiles against Tehran’s perceived enemies, chief among them Saudi Arabia and the UAE, which have sacrificed blood and treasure in the fight to restore Yemen’s legitimate government. That fight, Saleh’s murder shows, cannot be given up.
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Milestones on the road to union
1970
October 26: Bahrain withdraws from a proposal to create a federation of nine with the seven Trucial States and Qatar.
December: Ahmed Al Suwaidi visits New York to discuss potential UN membership.
1971
March 1: Alex Douglas Hume, Conservative foreign secretary confirms that Britain will leave the Gulf and “strongly supports” the creation of a Union of Arab Emirates.
July 12: Historic meeting at which Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid make a binding agreement to create what will become the UAE.
July 18: It is announced that the UAE will be formed from six emirates, with a proposed constitution signed. RAK is not yet part of the agreement.
August 6: The fifth anniversary of Sheikh Zayed becoming Ruler of Abu Dhabi, with official celebrations deferred until later in the year.
August 15: Bahrain becomes independent.
September 3: Qatar becomes independent.
November 23-25: Meeting with Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid and senior British officials to fix December 2 as date of creation of the UAE.
November 29: At 5.30pm Iranian forces seize the Greater and Lesser Tunbs by force.
November 30: Despite a power sharing agreement, Tehran takes full control of Abu Musa.
November 31: UK officials visit all six participating Emirates to formally end the Trucial States treaties
December 2: 11am, Dubai. New Supreme Council formally elects Sheikh Zayed as President. Treaty of Friendship signed with the UK. 11.30am. Flag raising ceremony at Union House and Al Manhal Palace in Abu Dhabi witnessed by Sheikh Khalifa, then Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi.
December 6: Arab League formally admits the UAE. The first British Ambassador presents his credentials to Sheikh Zayed.
December 9: UAE joins the United Nations.
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