Europe's biggest clubs are planning to flex their muscles in the January transfer window after a thrilling World Cup put some new names in the shop window. Transfer fees continue to defy economic sense, but which player is actually worth the most? The <a href="https://football-observatory.com/IMG/sites/b5wp/2021/wp362/en/">CIES Football Observatory, </a>based in Switzerland, has worked it out, and has released their bi-annual list of the top 100 most valuable players – including familiar names such as Vinicius Junior of Real Madrid,<a href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/tags/erling-haaland/" target="_blank"> Erling Haaland</a> and Phil Foden of Manchester City, and Paris Saint-Germain's French forward <a href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/tags/kylian-mbappe" target="_blank">Kylian Mbappe</a>. CIES calculate the values using an algorithm developed by their own research team, and factors in players' ages, length of contract, salaries and other measures to determine a figure for the transfer market from clubs in the five major European leagues. Because of his age, it means there is no place in the top 100 for Argentina superstar <a href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/tags/lionel-messi/" target="_blank">Lionel Messi</a>. The full list is in the gallery above, in reverse order. All figures according to CIES 1. Jude Bellingham, Borussia Dortmund - €208.2m ($222m). 2. Phil Foden, Manchester City - €200.5m. 3. Kylian Mbappe, PSG - €190.7m. 4. Vinicius Junior, Real Madrid - €190.5m. 5. Erling Haaland, Manchester City - €174.9m. 6. Pedri, Barcelona - €170.2m. 7. Gavi, Barcelona - €147.6m. 8. Jamal Musiala, Bayern Munich - €145.1m. 9. Josko Gvardiol, RB Leipzig - €125.8m. 10. Federico Valverde, Real Madrid - €123.5m.