A fall in the number of female "professional and technical workers" has resulted in the UAE losing ground in an annual worldwide assessment of gender equality.
The Emirates was placed in 112th position, down from 105th last year, out of the 130 countries covered in the Gender Gap Index report by the World Economic Forum, a respected Switzerland-based non-profit.
The Middle East fared poorly overall. The UAE was fourth in the region, behind Israel (45), Kuwait (105) and Tunisia (109), but ahead of Jordan, Syria and Bahrain.
The report was compiled by Saadia Zahidi, the forum's associate director and head of its women leaders' programme, Laura Tyson, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and Ricardo Hausmann, the director of the Centre for International Development at Harvard University.
"Most Middle East and North Africa region countries not only continue to perform far below the global average, but also do not show much improvement over the last year or have deteriorated," said the authors.
The report is based on information provided by the World Health Organisation, the World Bank, the UN and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The Gender Gap Index rates the differences in economic participation, educational attainment, health and survival levels and political empowerment between men and women in individual countries.
The drop in the UAE's rankings was attributed to a decline in the percentage of women in the country who are "professional and technical workers", from 25 per cent last year to 21 per cent this year.
That category includes women working in science and engineering, health, teaching, business and administration, information technology and communications, as well as legal, social and cultural workers.
The percentage of female high school graduates who enrol in UAE universities also fell slightly, from 37 to 35 per cent. However, the report noted that enrolment was higher for women than men in the country, and praised the UAE's commitment to funding female education. The UAE was one of the countries that "have invested large amounts of resources in increasing women's education levels and will now need to better integrate these women into the economy to reap the benefits of this investment".
The high proportion of females in higher education was because "many high-school and university graduate women are aware of competition and discrimination at work," said Dr Nawar Golley, an associate professor specialising in women's studies at the American University of Sharjah. "Pursuing higher degrees is a way to further empower them in order to get better work opportunities and shield them from discriminatory circumstances."
The index found the UAE performed above average in wage equality between males and females, with women earning, on average, a quarter of what men did.
However, the country did poorly in overall female participation in the workforce. Only 41 per cent of women join the labour force as opposed to 93 per cent of men.
Nonetheless, Dr Golley said the UAE's position was likely to improve over the next few years "as the results of women's empowerment in the country will start showing material manifestation".
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Founders: Alhaan Ahmed, Alyina Ahmed and Maximo Tettamanzi
Total funding: Self funded
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Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
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