Mustard gas used by fighters in Syria: report

THE HAGUE // Chemical weapons experts have determined that mustard gas was used in a Syrian town where ISIL militants were battling another group, according to a report by an international watchdog.

A confidential report dated October 29 by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) concluded “with the utmost confidence that at least two people were exposed to sulphur mustard” in the town of Marea, north of Aleppo, on August 21.

“It is very likely that the effects of sulphur mustard resulted in the death of a baby,” it said.

It is the first official confirmation of sulphur mustard – commonly known as mustard gas – being used in Syria since the government agreed to destroy its chemical weapons stockpile. This stockpile included sulphur mustard.

The report did not mention ISIL, as the fact-finding mission was not mandated to assign blame, but diplomatic sources said the chemical was used in clashes between ISIL and another rebel group that were taking place in the town at the time.

“It raises the major question of where the sulphur mustard came from,” one source said. “Either they (ISIL) gained the ability to make it themselves, or it may have come from an undeclared stockpile overtaken by IS. Both are worrying options.”

Syria is supposed to have completely surrendered the toxic chemicals 18 months ago. Their use violates UN Security Council resolutions and the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention.

The OPCW report, which will be formally presented to UN secretary general Ban Ki-moon later this month, adds to a growing body of evidence that ISIL has obtained, and is using, chemical weapons in both Iraq and Syria.

Kurdish authorities said earlier this month that ISIL fighters fired mortar rounds containing mustard agent at Kurdish peshmerga fighters in northern Iraq during clashes in August. They said blood samples taken from around 35 fighters who were exposed in the attack south-west of the regional capital of Erbil showed “signatures” of mustard gas.

A team of OPCW experts has been sent to Iraq to confirm the findings and is expected to obtain its own samples later this month, one diplomat said.

A special session has been called by the OPCW’s 41-member executive council to discuss the Syrian findings, which will be held in The Hague on November 23, OPCW sources said

Sulphur mustard – which causes severe delayed burns to the eyes, skin and lungs – is a so-called Schedule 1 chemical agent, meaning it has few uses outside of warfare.

A second report by the OPCW fact-finding mission to Syria said the team had so far been unable to substantiate claims from the Syrian government that its forces had been targeted by insurgent forces using chemical weapons.

The mission “cannot confidently determine whether or not a chemical was used as a weapon” by militants in the Jober area on August 29, 2014, it said.

Syria agreed in September 2013 to destroy its entire chemical weapons programme under a deal negotiated with the United States and Russia after hundreds of people were killed in a sarin gas attack in the outskirts of the capital, Damascus.

The last of 1,300 tonnes of chemical weapons declared to the OPCW was handed over in June, 2014, but several Western governments have expressed doubt that the government of president Bashar Al Assad declared its entire arsenal.

With Syria’s civil war in its fifth year, chlorine has also been used illegally in systematic attacks against civilians, the OPCW found.

In Idlib province, south of Aleppo, there were several incidents between March and May 2015 which “likely involved the use of one or more toxic chemicals”, the report said.

A UN-OPCW joint investigative mission has been assigned to determine who was behind those attacks.

* Reuters