China is expanding its space diplomacy by offering emerging nations an alternative to western-led programmes such as Nasa's, with Pakistan the latest country to sign up.
An agreement between Beijing and Islamabad was signed on Friday to train and send a Pakistani astronaut to China’s Tiangong space station, which has been up and running since 2022. China has opened its space programme to other nations, such as Saudi Arabia, Brazil and several African countries, offering to launch satellites and collaborate on lunar mission.
Sahith Madara, an aerospace engineer and founder of the advisory firm Bumi & Space, told The National China’s deal with Pakistan is a “strategic power play” to expand its influence.
“By helping Pakistan with satellites, lunar missions and astronaut training for the Tiangong space station, China is signalling to emerging space nations: ‘Why wait in line at Nasa when you can ride with us?'” he said. “Unlike western agencies, which come with a fair share of regulations and geopolitical strings attached, China offers a more flexible and budget-friendly route – think of it as the low-cost carrier of space partnerships, minus the hidden fees – or so it seems.”
Who will the astronaut be?
As part of the agreement, five Pakistani candidates from the public and the military will be selected, who will be trained in China, the state news agency Xinhua reports. After physical fitness and mental tolerance tests, one will be chosen to eventually fly with Chinese astronauts to Tiangong. A timetable has not yet been revealed.
Muhammad Yousuf Khan, chairman of the Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, said China was achieving its space goals “very quickly” and that Tiangong was the “equal” of the International Space Station. “Our astronaut will be in space and he will perform the experiments during his flight and his stay in Tiangong, it will be broadcasted in Pakistan to motivate our young engineers, scientists and young generation," he told Xinhua.
Gaining access to the ISS is challenging for emerging space nations because of geopolitical restrictions, high costs and the dominance of Nasa and its western partners in determining participation. Countries without agreements with the US-led ISS programme face bureaucratic hurdles, limited access to technology and long approval times, making China a more accessible space partner.
“For emerging space nations, this deal is tempting – affordable launches, full-package solutions and none of the bureaucratic headaches that often come with western partnerships,” said Mr Madara. “But there’s always 'fine print'. While China provides the rocket ride, the technology transfer is often limited, meaning some nations could find themselves reliant on Chinese systems rather than developing their own. Plus, aligning too closely with China might not sit well with western allies, leading to awkward geopolitical dinner conversations.”
US companies and federal agencies, including Nasa, are not allowed to collaborate with China due to the Wolf Amendment, a law passed by Congress in 2011 to allay concerns about technology transfer and national security.
Modern space race
Saudi Arabia is another nation to have worked with China, specifically on its Chang’e-4 lunar mission, which took place in 2018-19 and led to the first landing on the far side of the Moon. As part of the mission, the kingdom provided an optical camera for a small satellite deployed by Chang'e-4, which is still orbiting the Moon today.
In South America, Brazil co-developed the CBERS satellite programme for Earth observation, with China, while countries such as Venezuela and Bolivia have relied on China for satellite launches. In Africa, China has launched satellites for Nigeria, Algeria, Sudan and Egypt, helping them develop space capabilities in communications, weather forecasting and resource monitoring.
It comes as China and the US appear to be locked in a modern space race, with each looking to establish their dominance in exploration and technology. A key goal for both is landing astronauts on the Moon. Nasa’s Artemis programme aims to return humans to the lunar surface by 2027, marking the first crewed mission to the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972. China, with its Chang'e missions, also has plans to send astronauts to the Moon before the end of the decade.
Washington is stepping up collaborations with its own allies through the Artemis Accords – a US-led international agreement that outlines responsible lunar exploration that already has more than 50 nation signatories. With the ISS set to be retired in 2030, Nasa is shifting its focus on building a station called Gateway in the lunar orbit, in partnership with the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, the European Space Agency, Canada and Japan. However, it still wants access to low-Earth orbit and has launched a programme to fund US companies developing private stations.
Jeffrey Manber, president of International Space Stations at Voyager Space – a company building the Starlab station – said the country is seeking a strategic shift to commercial space stations, ensuring a continuing human presence in orbit. “Speaking from the West here, there is no way the United States is going to surrender low-Earth orbit to China – full stop,” he told The National in an earlier interview. “There is no way, not even in the prior administration, not in the Trump era. So Tiangong is an excellent station. It’s up there 24/7, fully crewed, and we will do the same.”
The biog
First Job: Abu Dhabi Department of Petroleum in 1974
Current role: Chairperson of Al Maskari Holding since 2008
Career high: Regularly cited on Forbes list of 100 most powerful Arab Businesswomen
Achievement: Helped establish Al Maskari Medical Centre in 1969 in Abu Dhabi’s Western Region
Future plan: Will now concentrate on her charitable work
Jewel of the Expo 2020
252 projectors installed on Al Wasl dome
13.6km of steel used in the structure that makes it equal in length to 16 Burj Khalifas
550 tonnes of moulded steel were raised last year to cap the dome
724,000 cubic metres is the space it encloses
Stands taller than the leaning tower of Pisa
Steel trellis dome is one of the largest single structures on site
The size of 16 tennis courts and weighs as much as 500 elephants
Al Wasl means connection in Arabic
World’s largest 360-degree projection surface
Difference between fractional ownership and timeshare
Although similar in its appearance, the concept of a fractional title deed is unlike that of a timeshare, which usually involves multiple investors buying “time” in a property whereby the owner has the right to occupation for a specified period of time in any year, as opposed to the actual real estate, said John Peacock, Head of Indirect Tax and Conveyancing, BSA Ahmad Bin Hezeem & Associates, a law firm.
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Chatto & Windus
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What sanctions would be reimposed?
Under ‘snapback’, measures imposed on Iran by the UN Security Council in six resolutions would be restored, including:
- An arms embargo
- A ban on uranium enrichment and reprocessing
- A ban on launches and other activities with ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons, as well as ballistic missile technology transfer and technical assistance
- A targeted global asset freeze and travel ban on Iranian individuals and entities
- Authorisation for countries to inspect Iran Air Cargo and Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines cargoes for banned goods
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Ten tax points to be aware of in 2026
1. Domestic VAT refund amendments: request your refund within five years
If a business does not apply for the refund on time, they lose their credit.
2. E-invoicing in the UAE
Businesses should continue preparing for the implementation of e-invoicing in the UAE, with 2026 a preparation and transition period ahead of phased mandatory adoption.
3. More tax audits
Tax authorities are increasingly using data already available across multiple filings to identify audit risks.
4. More beneficial VAT and excise tax penalty regime
Tax disputes are expected to become more frequent and more structured, with clearer administrative objection and appeal processes. The UAE has adopted a new penalty regime for VAT and excise disputes, which now mirrors the penalty regime for corporate tax.
5. Greater emphasis on statutory audit
There is a greater need for the accuracy of financial statements. The International Financial Reporting Standards standards need to be strictly adhered to and, as a result, the quality of the audits will need to increase.
6. Further transfer pricing enforcement
Transfer pricing enforcement, which refers to the practice of establishing prices for internal transactions between related entities, is expected to broaden in scope. The UAE will shortly open the possibility to negotiate advance pricing agreements, or essentially rulings for transfer pricing purposes.
7. Limited time periods for audits
Recent amendments also introduce a default five-year limitation period for tax audits and assessments, subject to specific statutory exceptions. While the standard audit and assessment period is five years, this may be extended to up to 15 years in cases involving fraud or tax evasion.
8. Pillar 2 implementation
Many multinational groups will begin to feel the practical effect of the Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (DMTT), the UAE's implementation of the OECD’s global minimum tax under Pillar 2. While the rules apply for financial years starting on or after January 1, 2025, it is 2026 that marks the transition to an operational phase.
9. Reduced compliance obligations for imported goods and services
Businesses that apply the reverse-charge mechanism for VAT purposes in the UAE may benefit from reduced compliance obligations.
10. Substance and CbC reporting focus
Tax authorities are expected to continue strengthening the enforcement of economic substance and Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting frameworks. In the UAE, these regimes are increasingly being used as risk-assessment tools, providing tax authorities with a comprehensive view of multinational groups’ global footprints and enabling them to assess whether profits are aligned with real economic activity.
Contributed by Thomas Vanhee and Hend Rashwan, Aurifer
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Living in...
This article is part of a guide on where to live in the UAE. Our reporters will profile some of the country’s most desirable districts, provide an estimate of rental prices and introduce you to some of the residents who call each area home.
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Friday Sassuolo v Torino (Kick-off 10.45pm UAE)
Saturday Atalanta v Sampdoria (5pm),
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Sunday Cagliari v Crotone (3.30pm)
Benevento v Napoli (6pm)
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Juventus v Hellas Verona (11.45pm)
Monday AC Milan v AS Roma (11.45pm)
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Dubai works towards better air quality by 2021
Dubai is on a mission to record good air quality for 90 per cent of the year – up from 86 per cent annually today – by 2021.
The municipality plans to have seven mobile air-monitoring stations by 2020 to capture more accurate data in hourly and daily trends of pollution.
These will be on the Palm Jumeirah, Al Qusais, Muhaisnah, Rashidiyah, Al Wasl, Al Quoz and Dubai Investment Park.
“It will allow real-time responding for emergency cases,” said Khaldoon Al Daraji, first environment safety officer at the municipality.
“We’re in a good position except for the cases that are out of our hands, such as sandstorms.
“Sandstorms are our main concern because the UAE is just a receiver.
“The hotspots are Iran, Saudi Arabia and southern Iraq, but we’re working hard with the region to reduce the cycle of sandstorm generation.”
Mr Al Daraji said monitoring as it stood covered 47 per cent of Dubai.
There are 12 fixed stations in the emirate, but Dubai also receives information from monitors belonging to other entities.
“There are 25 stations in total,” Mr Al Daraji said.
“We added new technology and equipment used for the first time for the detection of heavy metals.
“A hundred parameters can be detected but we want to expand it to make sure that the data captured can allow a baseline study in some areas to ensure they are well positioned.”
ICC Women's T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier 2025, Thailand
UAE fixtures
May 9, v Malaysia
May 10, v Qatar
May 13, v Malaysia
May 15, v Qatar
May 18 and 19, semi-finals
May 20, final