• An Iraqi-American excavation team unearths rock carvings in a major archaeological site inside the northern city of Mosul. All photos: Ministry of Culture
    An Iraqi-American excavation team unearths rock carvings in a major archaeological site inside the northern city of Mosul. All photos: Ministry of Culture
  • Eight slabs were found at Mashki Gate, or Al Maska in Arabic.
    Eight slabs were found at Mashki Gate, or Al Maska in Arabic.
  • The stones date back to the era of the Assyrian King Sinharib who reigned from 705-681 BC.
    The stones date back to the era of the Assyrian King Sinharib who reigned from 705-681 BC.
  • The stones show war scenes, as well as palm trees, grapes, pomegranates and figs.
    The stones show war scenes, as well as palm trees, grapes, pomegranates and figs.
  • The Mashki Gate was bulldozed along with other gates during the city’s occupation by ISIS in 2016, with the destruction shared widely online.
    The Mashki Gate was bulldozed along with other gates during the city’s occupation by ISIS in 2016, with the destruction shared widely online.
  • The Mashki Gate's $1.1 million restoration project is being conducted in co-operation with Aliph Foundation, an international alliance for the protection of heritage in conflict areas.
    The Mashki Gate's $1.1 million restoration project is being conducted in co-operation with Aliph Foundation, an international alliance for the protection of heritage in conflict areas.
  • The Assyrian civilisation arose about 4,500 years ago and at one point extended from the Mediterranean to Iran.
    The Assyrian civilisation arose about 4,500 years ago and at one point extended from the Mediterranean to Iran.

Iraqi archaeologists discover carved slabs from Assyrian Empire


Sinan Mahmoud
  • English
  • Arabic

An Iraqi-American excavation team has unearthed a monumental rock-carving relief in a major archaeological site in the northern city of Mosul.

The carvings were found at Mashki Gate, or Al Maska in Arabic, one of the monumental gates for the old city of Nineveh, the imperial capital and most populous city of the Assyrian Empire.

The reliefs date back to the era of the Assyrian King Sinharib who reigned from 705 to 681 BC, Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage director Dr Laith Majid Hussein said on Monday.

The eight marble relics show war scenes as well as palm, grape, pomegranate and fig trees, said Ali Shalgham, head of the excavation team.

The Mashki Gate is one of several set up at the nearly 12km stone and mud brick wall of the archaeological site of Nineveh in the heart of Mosul.

The “water carriers' gate” is believed to have been used to lead livestock to nearby Tigris River or to bring water to the city.

It was bulldozed along with the other gates during the city’s occupation by ISIS in 2016, with the destruction shared widely online.

The continuing excavations are meant to prepare the ground for preserving the walls and foundations of the gate as part of the restoration process.

The carvings were found at Mashki Gate, one of the monumental gates for the old city of Nineveh, the most populous city of the Assyrian Empire. Picture: Ministry of Culture
The carvings were found at Mashki Gate, one of the monumental gates for the old city of Nineveh, the most populous city of the Assyrian Empire. Picture: Ministry of Culture

The Mashki Gate restoration project is being conducted in co-operation with Aliph Foundation, an international alliance for the protection of heritage in conflict areas.

The $1.1 million-project, which started in 2021 and is scheduled to end in 2023, is being led by the University of Pennsylvania.

The gate, discovered in 1968 by Iraqi archaeologists, leads to a big hall through a corridor.

The Assyrian civilisation arose about 4,500 years ago and at one point extended from the Mediterranean to Iran.

Their ancient buried cities, palaces and temples, packed with monumental art, are scattered across what is now northern Iraq and parts of neighbouring countries.

Thousands of its artefacts are displayed in the Iraqi National Museums as well as others across the world. Many are found for sale at auction houses.

One of the Assyrians’ major artefacts is the limestone bull, known as Lamassu, which bears a human head and bull's body. Some examples have the horns and ears of a bull and wings.

Destroyed by ISIS

When ISIS took over Mosul and other major cities in northern and western Iraq, its militants demolished some artefacts to uproot what they see as heresy.

They also profited from them, hacking relics off palace walls or digging them out to sell on the international black market to finance their “caliphate”.

Lamassu was in the headlines in 2015 when ISIS released a video showing extremists using sledgehammers and rotary hammer drills to smash it and other ancient artefacts in Mosul.

Among the most important sites that were under ISIS control and endured destruction and pillaging in and around Mosul are the four main ancient cities of Nineveh, Kalhu, Dur Sharrukin and Ashur, which were at different times the capital of the mighty Assyrian Empire.

Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.

Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.

Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.

“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.

Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.

From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.

Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.

BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.

Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.

Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.

“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.

“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.

“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”

The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”

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Updated: October 18, 2022, 10:30 AM