The role of vaccinations in protecting children from life-threatening diseases is not fully understood by many parents in the UAE, research in Sharjah has revealed.
Only 40 per cent of the 550 parents polled by researchers at the University of Sharjah admitted to knowing why they are important, while 14 per cent were vaccine-hesitant.
The 60-question survey, conducted between March and April, aimed to check what parents understood about why it's important to vaccinate their children.
Despite the lack of awareness, 94 per cent of respondents ensured their children got all the mandated vaccines, with 95 per cent showing positive attitudes towards measles, meningitis and pertussis vaccines.
Even before the pandemic, some people were hesitant about vaccines, but it all depends on how well the doctor has explained their importance
Dr Vineeth Alexander,
pulmonologist at Aster Hospital Mankhool
Common themes for vaccine hesitancy include a perceived lack of need, safety concerns, trust and other cultural reasons.
According to Unicef, around 2,000 children in the UAE were unvaccinated in 2023 and considered "zero-dose" (those who failed to receive any routine vaccination).
“Vaccination obviously is highly important, and I think generally in the population here there is a lot of trust in the immunisation programme,” said Dr Rachel Herbert, an infectious diseases consultant at Burjeel Medical City in Abu Dhabi. This was highlighted in the high uptake for vaccinations in the survey, she added.
“However, vaccine hesitancy, which is indecisiveness about whether to receive a vaccination or whether to have your child receive one, is an interesting topic. More research is necessary to delve into it as the reasons for vaccine hesitancy are multifactorial.”
Post-natal schedule
Routine child vaccination begins in the UAE shortly after birth, when they are given protection against tuberculosis and hepatitis B. For the first six months, babies are vaccinated against HiB, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Accellular Pertussis, Polio and pneumococcal infections.
Vaccines to offer protection against measles, mumps and rubella, along with a jab to protect against varicella, or chickenpox, continue through childhood. Children get vaccine boosters until they are in grade 11, or aged 16, under the UAE’s mandatory immunisation programme.
The research found most parents were reliant on education by healthcare providers to find out more about the vaccines given to children.
“As clinicians, we must keep the dialogue going and talk to our patients about any fears they may have regarding vaccination,” said Dr Herbert, who referred to children recently arriving in the UAE from Gaza as being the only "zero-dose" children she had treated.
“The traditional vaccines are very well evidenced, generally, and the population is much more digitally literate now. But we need to be aware of information that isn't necessarily evidence-based being circulated on social media. And as clinicians, we need to ask our patients if they have concerns and where they have got that information from.”
Declining uptake
According to the World Health Organisation, national immunisation programmes are the most cost-effective public health intervention, saving 4.4 million lives annually.
The diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) vaccine is used as a global benchmark to assess attitudes and the success of immunisation programmes. Worldwide, global uptake peaked at around 86 per cent pre-pandemic, falling slightly to 84 per cent in 2023.
In 2015, the UAE recorded 99 per cent of children had taken the second dose of the measles vaccine, that fell to 94 per cent in 2023. Meanwhile, 96 per cent of children had the DPT-3 vaccine, also down from the 99 per cent coverage recorded in 2019.
An estimated 21 million children remained unvaccinated or under-vaccinated in 2023, according to the WHO, while the number of "zero-dose" children increased from 12.8 million in 2019 to 14.5 million.
Recent global outbreaks of polio and measles have been blamed on reduced protection and compromised immunity programmes in areas hit by conflict or climate change. Coverage of 95 per cent is considered necessary to prevent community outbreaks of disease.
Measles vaccination rates fell well below that figure in 2023, with 83 per cent of children protected worldwide, leaving 22.2 million unvaccinated, and 27 countries reporting immunisation rates below 80 per cent for the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP1).
Of these nations, seven were in Latin America and the Caribbean, with six in west and central Africa and six more in the Middle East and North Africa.
In the UAE, most parents said they fully supported vaccines for children but relied on medics to inform them of when they should be given.
“I didn’t hesitate at all to get my two children vaccinated,” said Emily Fox, a British mum of two who lives in Dubai. “Even though it can be difficult to trust all the information that is out there, doctors are trustworthy so we have always gone along with that advice.
“I don’t know anyone in my circle of parents who did question their safety or who were hesitant in getting their children immunised.”
Flu season
The UAE is about to roll out its annual influenza vaccination programme. The influenza virus changes each year, requiring nations to deliver booster vaccines to those most vulnerable, including children, the elderly, pregnant women and anyone who may be immunocompromised or already affected by a chronic disease, such as diabetes, cardiac disease or respiratory disorder.
Flu season generally runs from October to May in the UAE, with vaccines usually offered from September.
In a survey published in April, of 401 people asked by Ajman University, just 28 per cent had taken the flu vaccine, or were intending to get it.
Seasonal influenza affects around a billion people each year, making it the most common infectious respiratory virus after the common cold.
The WHO estimates around 3-5 million of those cases result in serious illness and up to 650,000 deaths.
Dr Vineeth Alexander, a specialist in Pulmonology at Aster Hospital Mankhool and Aster Day Surgery Centre, said doctors play an important role in educating about the role of vaccines.
“Even before the pandemic, there were people who were hesitant about vaccines, but it all depends on how well the doctor has explained their importance,” he said.
“Patients with multiple diseases, like diabetes, hypertension, or any cardiac issues definitely need to be vaccinated.
"There can be a lot of questions regarding their benefits and side effects. But many studies have proven vaccines definitely decrease the burden of disease and that will definitely help in health care improvement. That is particularly important for children.”
What vitamins do we know are beneficial for living in the UAE
Vitamin D: Highly relevant in the UAE due to limited sun exposure; supports bone health, immunity and mood.
Vitamin B12: Important for nerve health and energy production, especially for vegetarians, vegans and individuals with absorption issues.
Iron: Useful only when deficiency or anaemia is confirmed; helps reduce fatigue and support immunity.
Omega-3 (EPA/DHA): Supports heart health and reduces inflammation, especially for those who consume little fish.
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Company name: Nybl
Date started: November 2018
Founder: Noor Alnahhas, Michael LeTan, Hafsa Yazdni, Sufyaan Abdul Haseeb, Waleed Rifaat, Mohammed Shono
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"They see their tomorrows slipping out of their reach. And though it seems to them that everything outside this reality is heaven, yet they do not want to go to that heaven. They stay, because they are afflicted with hope." - Mahmoud Darwish, to attendees of the Palestine Festival of Literature, 2008
His life in brief: Born in a village near Galilee, he lived in exile for most of his life and started writing poetry after high school. He was arrested several times by Israel for what were deemed to be inciteful poems. Most of his work focused on the love and yearning for his homeland, and he was regarded the Palestinian poet of resistance. Over the course of his life, he published more than 30 poetry collections and books of prose, with his work translated into more than 20 languages. Many of his poems were set to music by Arab composers, most significantly Marcel Khalife. Darwish died on August 9, 2008 after undergoing heart surgery in the United States. He was later buried in Ramallah where a shrine was erected in his honour.
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- A new “core protection” for refugees moving from permanent to a more basic, temporary protection
- Shortened leave to remain - refugees will receive 30 months instead of five years
- A longer path to settlement with no indefinite settled status until a refugee has spent 20 years in Britain
- To encourage refugees to integrate the government will encourage them to out of the core protection route wherever possible.
- Under core protection there will be no automatic right to family reunion
- Refugees will have a reduced right to public funds
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Omar Yabroudi's factfile
Born: October 20, 1989, Sharjah
Education: Bachelor of Science and Football, Liverpool John Moores University
2010: Accrington Stanley FC, internship
2010-2012: Crystal Palace, performance analyst with U-18 academy
2012-2015: Barnet FC, first-team performance analyst/head of recruitment
2015-2017: Nottingham Forest, head of recruitment
2018-present: Crystal Palace, player recruitment manager
Who was Alfred Nobel?
The Nobel Prize was created by wealthy Swedish chemist and entrepreneur Alfred Nobel.
- In his will he dictated that the bulk of his estate should be used to fund "prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind".
- Nobel is best known as the inventor of dynamite, but also wrote poetry and drama and could speak Russian, French, English and German by the age of 17. The five original prize categories reflect the interests closest to his heart.
- Nobel died in 1896 but it took until 1901, following a legal battle over his will, before the first prizes were awarded.
