Libyans take part in a funeral procession for 12 bodies found in mass graves in Tarhuna. AFP
Libyans take part in a funeral procession for 12 bodies found in mass graves in Tarhuna. AFP

Lack of accountability in Libya's Tarhuna could deepen instability, UN warns



The UN has warned that the lack of accountability and years of impunity enjoyed by those responsible for human rights abuses in Libya's Tarhuna could exacerbate instability and deepen divisions in the war-torn country.

A joint report highlighted the brutal reign of Al Kaniyat, an armed group that rose to power in 2011 and subsequently took control of Tarhuna, a city 90km south-east of Tripoli with a population of about 150,000.

The report was released by the Human Rights Service of the UN Support Mission in Libya and the UN Human Rights Office on Friday.

Based on site visits in Tarhuna and interviews with more than 50 victims, survivors and their families, the UN identified a pattern of widespread and systematic human rights abuses committed by Al Kaniyat from 2013 to 2020.

The militia was led by six brothers from the Kani family who imposed their dominance by slaughtering opponents and their families.

Oil-rich Libya was plunged into years of chaos and lawlessness after a 2011 Nato-backed uprising that led to the removal and killing of long-time dictator Muammar Qaddafi. Dozens of militias took advantage of the power vacuum.

The report also found numerous abuses had been committed from 2020 to 2022 by armed elements aligned with the former interim Government of National Accord, including killings, enforced disappearances, sexual violence, abductions, torture and forced displacement.

It highlighted grave breaches of international humanitarian law in the area, warning that without justice, the cycle of violence was expected to continue.

The findings have renewed calls for accountability and justice for the victims as the UN urged Libyan authorities to take urgent measures to address these breaches and prevent further unrest.

“Years have passed since these terrible violations were committed but the perpetrators have still not been brought to justice, nor have truth, justice or reparations been delivered to victims and their families,” said UN human rights chief Volker Turk.

“The impunity must end. There must be accountability in accordance with international due process and fair trial standards."

The prosecutor of the International Criminal Court announced in November 2022 that additional applications for arrest warrants related to the situation in Libya were being submitted.

Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.

Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.

Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.

“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.

Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.

From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.

Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.

BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.

Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.

Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.

“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.

“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.

“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”

The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”

COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Almnssa
Started: August 2020
Founder: Areej Selmi
Based: Gaza
Sectors: Internet, e-commerce
Investments: Grants/private funding
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: ARDH Collective
Based: Dubai
Founders: Alhaan Ahmed, Alyina Ahmed and Maximo Tettamanzi
Sector: Sustainability
Total funding: Self funded
Number of employees: 4
Tree of Hell

Starring: Raed Zeno, Hadi Awada, Dr Mohammad Abdalla

Director: Raed Zeno

Rating: 4/5

PROFILE OF SWVL

Started: April 2017

Founders: Mostafa Kandil, Ahmed Sabbah and Mahmoud Nouh

Based: Cairo, Egypt

Sector: transport

Size: 450 employees

Investment: approximately $80 million

Investors include: Dubai’s Beco Capital, US’s Endeavor Catalyst, China’s MSA, Egypt’s Sawari Ventures, Sweden’s Vostok New Ventures, Property Finder CEO Michael Lahyani

Updated: August 30, 2024, 2:37 PM