Richard Javad Heydarian is a Manila-based academic, columnist and author
December 23, 2022
The best way to describe Asian geopolitics in the past year is encapsulated by the term "strategic maturity", namely the ability of nations to see the bigger picture beyond the fog of short-term tensions and uncertainty. What began as a tumultuous year, which took an even more troubling turn over the coming months, ended on a relatively more encouraging geopolitical note, largely thanks to the proactive role of "middle powers" in encouraging the better angels of superpowers’ nature.
Already divided by the war in Ukraine, and locked into a disruptive trade and technological warfare, the US and China almost sleepwalked towards direct confrontation following a controversial visit to Taiwan by Nancy Pelosi, the departing Speaker of the US House of Representatives, in August.
In particular, South-East Asian nations such Indonesia – this year’s G20 president, and the incoming chairman of Association of South-East Asian Nations – was instrumental to brokering a desperately needed detente between the two superpowers. The upshot is a more manageable competition rather than a mutually destructive conflict.
Sino-American ties constitute the most consequential bilateral relationship in the world. But the past year also demonstrated the growing significance of middle powers in shaping the 21st-century global order – in ways that preserve the interests of smaller nations and ensure maximum possible stability and prosperity for all. Thus, both the reigning superpowers as well as key regional players such as Indonesia have demonstrated commendable degree of strategic maturity, which bodes well for the future of the Indo-Pacific.
Lest we forget, 2022 began with a shocking geopolitical development. Just days after the Munich Security Conference in Germany, where Russia’s threat of military action against Ukraine dominated the proceedings, Europe witnessed the first major conventional war of the 21st century.
I vividly recall late-night conversations with European counterparts on the sidelines of the conference. Few believed that a major armed conflict was truly on the short-term horizon. Having spent years in conflict-ridden regions of the world, especially the Middle East, I remained deeply sceptical of the strategic complacency pervading the European strategic community.
Closely following analyses by a few perspicacious Russian experts, I publicly argued that an actual war was more probable than not. I also maintained that Asia could not insulate itself from a potential war in Europe, especially given the centrality of both Russia and Ukraine to global commodity markets. Just weeks after the actual war broke out, a number of Asian nations grappled with a huge energy and food crisis.
US President Joe Biden, right, and Chinese President Xi Jinping shake hands at the G20 summit in November. AP Photo
Smaller nations don’t want to be at the mercy of the whims of superpowers
The war in Europe, meanwhile, only accentuated Sino-American rivalry. While the US mobilised its European and Asian allies against Russia, the Chinese leadership blamed the West for provoking the conflict. Aside from laying blame on Nato expansion into post-Soviet space, Beijing also stepped up its energy imports from Russia in a bid to shield its Eurasian ally from western sanctions.
By and large, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin projected a united front, pledging to jointly pursue a "new world order" beyond the West’s dictates. In response, the Pentagon spoke of the need to confront a Sino-Russian alliance in a new era of "great power competition".
Accordingly, the Biden administration moved on three fronts. To begin with, it released two major policy documents in quick succession, namely the National Security Strategy document and the National Defence Strategy to signal its commitment to confront its superpower rivals with gusto.
In particular, the NDS described the Asian powerhouse as the “most consequential strategic competitor for the coming decades", while the NSS openly accused Beijing of harbouring the “intent to reshape the international order [with] … increasingly, the economic, diplomatic, military, and technological power to do it".
Second, the Biden administration mobilised a new set of sanctions to weaken the foundations of its rivals' economies. While Russia was met with comprehensive financial and energy sanctions, China confronted unprecedented sanctions targeting its cutting-edge industries. In particular, Washington threatened to punish any western or multinational companies providing semiconductor technology to China.
While tightening the noose around China’s economy, the Biden administration proposed an Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, which aims to deepen strategic economic co-operation among a dozen US allies and partners, particularly in the realm of cutting-edge industries, public infrastructure development, and green technology.
Finally, the Biden administration also stepped up its military footprint on both ends of the Eurasian landmass. While mobilising European military allies against Russia, Washington forged ahead with solidifying a new alliance of “maritime democracies” in the Indo-Pacific.
In a surprising move, the Biden administration signed a nuclear submarine deal under the Aukus alliance, with the clear objective of countering China’s growing maritime capabilities in the Western Pacific. This went hand-in-hand with expanded naval patrols across China’s immediate neighbourhood.
Crucially, the US also began negotiating new basing access across vital locations in the Philippines in order to expand its forward-deployment presence in East Asia. The ultimate aim is to build an integrated network of allies and partners to keep China’s ambitions in check.
Against the backdrop of rising tensions across a whole range of issues, Ms Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan, which Beijing considers as a "renegade province", almost provoked a full-scale conflict between the two superpowers.
Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and Indonesian President Joko Widodo meet in Riau, Indonesia, in January. Reuters
Perturbed by the perilous direction of Sino-American relations, South-East Asian leaders openly warned that the two superpowers could end up "sleepwalking" into conflict. It was precisely at this point that regional states, namely Indonesia and Singapore, stepped up their efforts to mediate between the rival powers.
Neither Asean member state has the same economic and military resources as the reigning superpowers. But what they bring to the table as "middle powers" include credibility as responsible regional powers, and a proven capacity to foster co-operative relations and corral geopolitical coalitions. They are also capable of exercising a significant degree of strategic autonomy and, accordingly, projecting power beyond their immediate borders.
While Singaporean leaders publicly warned of the disruptive impact of Sino-American relations, Indonesia mediated among them. Crucially, both countries were backed by other "middle powers" such as Japan, India, South Korea and Australia, which had also fretted over this concern.
Following a historic trip to Europe to mediate the Russia-Ukraine conflict, Indonesian President Joko Widodo convinced his Chinese and American counterparts to find a common ground on the sidelines of the G20 summit in Bali before the end of the year.
As non-aligned nations with robust ties with all major powers, and key leaders within Asean, Indonesia and Singapore were also in a unique position to nudge the US and China towards a new modus vivendi. The upshot was the "Bali detente", which saw both Mr Biden and Mr Xi hold a cordial meeting and recognising their shared interests in creating a broadly stable and prosperous order in the Indo-Pacific.
The highly encouraging episode not only underscored the strategic maturity of the two global statesmen, but also the proactive contribution of middle powers such as Indonesia and Singapore. The past year showed that smaller nations don’t want to be at the mercy of superpowers and, accordingly, are willing and capable of becoming captains of their own strategic destiny.
National Bonds unveiled a Golden Pension Scheme in 2022 to help private-sector foreign employees with their financial planning.
In April 2021, Hayah Insurance unveiled a workplace savings plan to help UAE employees save for their retirement.
Lunate, an Abu Dhabi-based investment manager, has launched a fund that will allow UAE private companies to offer employees investment returns on end-of-service benefits.
Personalities on the Plate: The Lives and Minds of Animals We Eat
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy told the German parliament that. Russia had erected a new wall across Europe.
"It's not a Berlin Wall -- it is a Wall in central Europe between freedom and bondage and this Wall is growing bigger with every bomb" dropped on Ukraine, Zelenskyy told MPs.
Mr Zelenskyy was applauded by MPs in the Bundestag as he addressed Chancellor Olaf Scholz directly.
"Dear Mr Scholz, tear down this Wall," he said, evoking US President Ronald Reagan's 1987 appeal to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev at Berlin's Brandenburg Gate.
The Pope's itinerary
Sunday, February 3, 2019 - Rome to Abu Dhabi
1pm: departure by plane from Rome / Fiumicino to Abu Dhabi
10pm: arrival at Abu Dhabi Presidential Airport
Monday, February 4
12pm: welcome ceremony at the main entrance of the Presidential Palace
12.20pm: visit Abu Dhabi Crown Prince at Presidential Palace
5pm: private meeting with Muslim Council of Elders at Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque
6.10pm: Inter-religious in the Founder's Memorial
Tuesday, February 5 - Abu Dhabi to Rome
9.15am: private visit to undisclosed cathedral
10.30am: public mass at Zayed Sports City – with a homily by Pope Francis
12.40pm: farewell at Abu Dhabi Presidential Airport
1pm: departure by plane to Rome
5pm: arrival at the Rome / Ciampino International Airport
Etihad, Emirates and Singapore Airlines fly direct from the UAE to Singapore from Dh2,265 return including taxes. The flight takes about 7 hours.
The hotel
Rooms at the M Social Singapore cost from SG $179 (Dh488) per night including taxes.
The tour
Makan Makan Walking group tours costs from SG $90 (Dh245) per person for about three hours. Tailor-made tours can be arranged. For details go to www.woknstroll.com.sg
Labour dispute
The insured employee may still file an ILOE claim even if a labour dispute is ongoing post termination, but the insurer may suspend or reject payment, until the courts resolve the dispute, especially if the reason for termination is contested. The outcome of the labour court proceedings can directly affect eligibility.
- Abdullah Ishnaneh, Partner, BSA Law
Abu Dhabi race card
5pm Abu Dhabi Fillies Classic Prestige | Dh110,000 | 1,400m
5.30pm Abu Dhabi Colts Classic Prestige | Dh110,000 | 1,400m
6pm Abu Dhabi Championship Listed | Dh180,000 | 1,600m
6.30pm Maiden | Dh80,000 | 1,600m
7pm Wathba Stallions Cup Handicap | Dh80,000 | 1,400m
Chennai Knights, Lahore Sikandars, Pakhtoon Blasters, Abu Dhabi Stars, Abu Dhabi Dragons, Pakhtoon Warriors and Hyderabad Nawabs.
Squad rules
All teams consist of 15-player squads that include those contracted in the diamond (3), platinum (2) and gold (2) categories, plus eight free to sign team members.
Tournament rules
The matches are of 25 over-a-side with an 8-over power play in which only two fielders allowed outside the 30-yard circle. Teams play in a single round robin league followed by the semi-finals and final. The league toppers will feature in the semi-final eliminator.
Army of the Dead
Director: Zack Snyder
Stars: Dave Bautista, Ella Purnell, Omari Hardwick, Ana de la Reguera
The Nobel Prize was created by wealthy Swedish chemist and entrepreneur Alfred Nobel.
In his will he dictated that the bulk of his estate should be used to fund "prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind".
Nobel is best known as the inventor of dynamite, but also wrote poetry and drama and could speak Russian, French, English and German by the age of 17. The five original prize categories reflect the interests closest to his heart.
Nobel died in 1896 but it took until 1901, following a legal battle over his will, before the first prizes were awarded.
I am in awe of the remarkable women in the Arab region, both big and small, pushing boundaries and becoming role models for generations. Emily Nasrallah was a writer, journalist, teacher and women’s rights activist
How do you relax?
Yoga relaxes me and helps me relieve tension, especially now when we’re practically chained to laptops and desks. I enjoy learning more about music and the history of famous music bands and genres.
What is favourite book?
The Perks of Being a Wallflower - I think I've read it more than 7 times
What is your favourite Arabic film?
Hala2 Lawen (Translation: Where Do We Go Now?) by Nadine Labaki
What is favourite English film?
Mamma Mia
Best piece of advice to someone looking for a career at Google?
If you’re interested in a career at Google, deep dive into the different career paths and pinpoint the space you want to join. When you know your space, you’re likely to identify the skills you need to develop.
