World leaders need to do more to avoid another potential world war, a Holocaust survivor told an event in Abu Dhabi on Thursday.
Nearly 80 years on, Ruth Cohen says she still has nightmares about the horrors she and her family were subjected to in one of the largest Nazi concentration camps.
Six million Jews were murdered by the Nazis, more than a million of whom were young children, during the Holocaust, which lasted from 1941 until the end of the Second World War in 1945.
Speaking to The National at an event held at Zayed University to mark International Holocaust Remembrance Day, Ms Cohen, 92, said lessons of the past were going unheeded.
The Holocaust began with words and small acts, then infinitely larger ones that resulted in the murder of six million Jews
Ruth Cohen
“I am so disheartened and sadly convinced that we have not learnt the lessons that this history, my history, teaches," she said.
"I implore everyone, especially those in leadership positions, to be motivated by this history — use your authority and influence to push back against those who perpetuate the worst instincts in human behaviour.
"Events like this one [in Abu Dhabi] are important. They help educate about the importance of learning from history.
"I implore you to do what you can to ensure that everyone’s children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren don’t face the same atrocities. We can do better. We must do better.”
'Day my life began to change'
Ms Cohen was the keynote speaker at the Gulf's second annual International Holocaust Remembrance Day, which was hosted by Zayed University in partnership with the US embassy in Abu Dhabi and the US Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Born in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (now Mukacevo in Ukraine), Ms Cohen was eight when her country was partitioned by Nazi Germany and became part of Hungary.
“That day my life began to change,” she said.
“My town became part of Hungary and boys and girls could no longer study in the same classroom and instead of Czech, we learnt Hungarian.
"My father’s business was taken away immediately because he was Jewish and our German nanny had to leave because she was no longer allowed to work for a Jewish family.
“Shortly after, we learnt that members of my mother’s family who were still living in Slovakia had been taken to the Majdanek concentration camp in German-occupied Poland and murdered.”
By April 1944, she was moved into a ghetto that had been established in Mukacevo, where conditions were terrible, with overcrowding, food was scarce and disease was rife — but the real nightmare was only beginning.
Her next memory was of the barracks in Auschwitz, Poland.
Ms Cohen was deloused, shaven, showered and given striped clothing and clogs when she arrived. She was also separated from her parents.
“I do not remember entering the barracks at Auschwitz-Birkenau for the first time," she said.
"This was where my sister and I lived for the next six, seven months. It was freezing in the mornings and once the sun came up, it was so hot.
"Twelve women slept in each wooden rack of the bunk, with every six of us sharing one blanket.”
Prisoners were forced into labour and Ms Cohen was given the "good job" of messenger girl.
Auschwitz was the largest camp established by the Germans in occupied-Poland.
The Nazis murdered about one million Jews there, including Ms Cohen’s mother, brother and cousins.
Importance of respect
A month after liberation by allied soldiers from a camp near Pilsen, Ms Cohen and her sister went home to Mukacevo, where their father was waiting.
“We were the only ones to return, not our mother, brother, cousins or more than 55 other relatives,” she said.
In April 1948, they arrived in the US, with her sister joining six months later.
"For me, coming to America gave me a new full life with some of my old family, new friends, school, work, marriage and children.
“Clearly, these were horrible experiences to live through but I retained a sense of humanity.
"As a young child, my parents and grandparents taught me the importance of respecting all people — to be inclusive of all people in my life and to see all people as my equal.”
She said the Holocaust provides lessons about human nature, showing that when one group in society is singled out for persecution, other groups are likely to be targeted, too.
"In small and large ways, each individual has the capacity to hurt or to heal, to savage or to save," she said.
"Perhaps one of the most important lessons to note at today’s commemoration of the 78th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz is that the Holocaust did not begin with Auschwitz, nor should it be solely defined by it.
"It began with words and small acts, then infinitely larger ones that resulted in the murder of six million Jews.
"For so many, Auschwitz is a symbol of the ultimate expression of hatred and inhumanity. For me, it isn’t a symbol, it was and is my reality.”
Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
Need to know
Unlike other mobile wallets and payment apps, a unique feature of eWallet is that there is no need to have a bank account, credit or debit card to do digital payments.
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The five pillars of Islam
COMPANY PROFILE
Initial investment: Undisclosed
Investment stage: Series A
Investors: Core42
Current number of staff: 47
The biog
Name: Sarah Al Senaani
Age: 35
Martial status: Married with three children - aged 8, 6 and 2
Education: Masters of arts in cultural communication and tourism
Favourite movie: Captain Corelli’s Mandolin
Favourite hobbies: Art and horseback ridding
Occupation: Communication specialist at a government agency and the owner of Atelier
Favourite cuisine: Definitely Emirati - harees is my favourite dish
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- Over a period of seven years, a team of scientists analysed dietary data from 50,000 North American adults.
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- Those who turned the eating day on its head to make breakfast the biggest meal of the day, did even better.
- But scrapping dinner altogether gave the best results. The study found that the BMI of subjects who had a long overnight fast (of 18 hours or more) decreased when compared even with those who had a medium overnight fast, of between 12 and 17 hours.
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What it means to be a conservationist
Who is Enric Sala?
Enric Sala is an expert on marine conservation and is currently the National Geographic Society's Explorer-in-Residence. His love of the sea started with his childhood in Spain, inspired by the example of the legendary diver Jacques Cousteau. He has been a university professor of Oceanography in the US, as well as working at the Spanish National Council for Scientific Research and is a member of the World Economic Forum’s Global Future Council on Biodiversity and the Bio-Economy. He has dedicated his life to protecting life in the oceans. Enric describes himself as a flexitarian who only eats meat occasionally.
What is biodiversity?
According to the United Nations Environment Programme, all life on earth – including in its forests and oceans – forms a “rich tapestry of interconnecting and interdependent forces”. Biodiversity on earth today is the product of four billion years of evolution and consists of many millions of distinct biological species. The term ‘biodiversity’ is relatively new, popularised since the 1980s and coinciding with an understanding of the growing threats to the natural world including habitat loss, pollution and climate change. The loss of biodiversity itself is dangerous because it contributes to clean, consistent water flows, food security, protection from floods and storms and a stable climate. The natural world can be an ally in combating global climate change but to do so it must be protected. Nations are working to achieve this, including setting targets to be reached by 2020 for the protection of the natural state of 17 per cent of the land and 10 per cent of the oceans. However, these are well short of what is needed, according to experts, with half the land needed to be in a natural state to help avert disaster.
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