It has been ten years since the election of Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio as Pope Francis. In that decade he has accomplished a remarkable undertaking: launching a profound transformation of the 2,000-year-old Catholic Church.
The very election of Pope Francis was a great novelty, for at least two reasons.
First, the pope had never before been a Jesuit - that is, a member of the Society of Jesus, a powerful religious order in the 16th and 17th centuries with a global DNA, but which was harshly attacked by the European powers, especially in the age of the Enlightenment.
Massimo Faggioli, a professor in the department of theology and religious studies at Villanova University in Philadelphia, points out that Pope Francis "thinks and acts like a Jesuit”. Throughout the history of Catholicism, the Jesuit order has always operated at the limits and frontiers of the Church, “both geographically and intellectually and ideologically," he told The National ahead of the Pope's ten-year anniversary, which takes place on Monday.
The second novelty is that in nearly 1,300 years, a man born outside Europe had never been elected pope. According to Angelo Manfredi, a priest and professor of Church history at the Higher Institute of Religious Sciences in Milan, it is no coincidence that one of the most powerful messages of Pope Francis is have a "listening, missionary spirit, capable of a healthy cultural cross-fertilisation”. He told The National the Church now “changes as she walks with the people of the five continents”.
By its very nature, the Catholic Church has always been global. The very term 'Catholic' comes from the ancient Greek 'katholikos', universal. But Pope Francis immediately made it clear, notes Prof Faggioli, "that for him, Europe and North America no longer define the cultural and theological boundaries of Catholicism. This pope's reading of the world is from the south."
10 years of Pope Francis - in pictures
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It is 10 years since Pope Francis became head of the Roman Catholic Church. The National looks back at that decade. Getty Images -
Pope Francis attends the funeral mass for Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI in January 2023 at St Peter's square in Vatican City. Getty Images -
Pope Francis leads mass with the new cardinals in August 2022 at Vatican City. Getty Images -
Pope Francis in March 2021 conducts mass at the Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil, Iraq. Getty Images -
Pope Francis arrives at the Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil, Iraq, March 2021. Getty Images -
St Peter's Square stands empty while Pope Francis celebrates the Easter Mass in an empty St Peter's Basilica during the coronavirus pandemic in April 2020. Getty Images -
Pope Francis drives around Tokyo Dome before conducting mass during a visit to Japan in November 2019. Getty Images -
Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, who was Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces at the time, with Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, Vice President and Ruler of Dubai and Pope Francis at the Presidential Palace in Abu Dhabi, in February 2019. Photo: Ministry of Presidential Affairs -
Pope Francis celebrates mass at Zayed Sport City, Abu Dhabi, in February 2019. Getty Images -
Pope Francis attends the festival of families at Croke Park in August 2018 in Dublin, Ireland. Getty Images -
Pope Francis during the Stations of the Cross at the Colosseum in March 2018 in Rome. Getty Images -
The Pope at a public engagement in November 2017 in Yangon, Myanmar. Getty Images -
Pope Francis at the Celebration of the Lord's Passion at St Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, April 14, 2017. Getty Images -
Pope Francis at Easter Mass at St Peter's Square, Vatican City, April 2017. Getty Images -
Pope Francis with Prince Charles, Prince of Wales during the British royal's visit to the Vatican in April 2017. Getty Images -
Pope Francis meets migrants at the Moria detention centre in Lesbos, Greece, April 2016. Getty Images -
Father Paschal Mwijage of the St Joseph the Worker Parish in Nairobi's Kangemi slum wears a T-shirt featuring Pope Francis in Kenya in November 2015. Getty Images -
Pope Francis after conducting mass at Tacloban Airport in the Philippines, January 2015. Getty Images -
Pope Francis greets Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI at St Peter's Basilica in September 2014. Getty Images -
Pope Francis meets football legend Diego Maradona during an audience in Rome in September 2014. Getty Images -
Pope Francis prays by the Western Wall in Jerusalem, Israel, May 2014. Getty Images -
Pope Francis welcomes Britain's Queen Elizabeth II for a private audience in Rome, April 2014. Getty Images -
Pope Francis during his weekly audience in St Peter's Square, the Vatican, in March 2014. Getty Images -
Pope Francis during the Inauguration Mass for the Pope in St Peter's Square in March 2013. Getty Images -
Women read a special edition of L'Osservatore Romano newspaper, which carries a photograph of the newly elected Pope Francis, March 2013. Getty Images -
Pope Francis on the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica in March 2013. Getty Images
Vatican sources tell The National that thanks to Pope Francis, the Eurocentric legacy of past centuries has finally been overcome. He has given much more space to interreligious dialogue than his predecessors by focusing on the non-Western world.
Roberto Catalano, professor in the department of Theology, philosophy and human sciences at the Sophia University Institute, observes: "From the very beginning, Pope Francis has spoken of a culture of dialogue and encounter, especially dialogue between religions". This is evident in the path taken to re-establish relations with Al Azhar University, the friendship with Sheikh Ahmed El Tayeb, Grand Imam of Al Azhar, the subsequent signing in Abu Dhabi of the document on human fraternity for world peace and living together, and the visit to many Muslim majority countries. "There is a whole policy and agenda that he is following, which seems to me very logical, very open and aimed at dialogue," says Prof Catalano.
Pope Francis has made the Church much more attentive to the big issue of global imbalances. According to Gino De Vecchis, honorary professor of geography at Rome's Sapienza University, "Francis's view of the world focuses on inequality. In April 2014, he tweeted that 'inequality is the root of social evils'. The Pope's thoughts dwell on the ways in which globalisation has deepened - and continues to deepen - economic divides".
The pontiff's gestures of concern for the poor and suffering around the world have been many over the past decade. Immediately after the earthquake in Turkey, for example, he sent food and aid. And the Apostolic almoner, Cardinal Konrad Krajewski, visited the country, just as he has travelled several times in the past to war-torn Ukraine.
The Pope has also made the Catholic Church greener. For Pope Francis, 'the earth is an environment to be safeguarded, a garden to be cultivated', and his encyclical letter Laudato si' (Praise be to You) was very popular not only with Catholics, but with environmentalists around the world. According to De Vecchis: "Francis exhorts everyone to see the world through the eyes of God the Creator. And this is precisely why man’s relationship with nature must not be influenced by greed and exploitation, but must preserve the divine harmony between creatures and creation."
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In his 2013 apostolic exhortation Evangelii gaudium (The Joy of the Gospel), Pope Francis urged the Church to “embark on a new chapter of evangelism”.
Catholics expecting a revolution may have been disappointed but, according to Prof Manfredi, the pope has brought genuine change and not just put ‘his men’ into power. He has done what he theorized by "'initiating processes rather than possessing spaces”.
"He tried to overcome the top-down centralization that prevailed in Rome for historical reasons," Prof Manfredi says. "He initiated a process of transparency both in the administrative management and in the analysis of many past events, such as cases of abuse in many churches. He also offered more room to lay people and women."
Not everyone in the Catholic Church has appreciated Francis' innovations. But one thing is certain: even after the end of this papacy, the world of Catholicism will be a different place.
