Thousands of people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are set to benefit from swifter diagnosis using artificial intelligence.
Six English universities in the northern region of Yorkshire are working with the country’s National Health Service develop the technology, which will cut months off waiting times.
Despite treatments being available for people with ADHD, long waiting lists in the UK have led to many being forced to put their lives on hold while they wait to see a consultant.
The project, the brainchild of Professor Grigoris Antoniou at the University of Huddersfield, harnesses AI technology to fast-track help for those with an obvious diagnosis.
“There are long and growing waiting lists, as people wait to be diagnosed and treated, and this can result in adverse effects on their work, their social life and their family life,” said Professor Antoniou.
He said one reason for the lengthening waiting time is the shortage of specialist clinicians able to make a full diagnosis.
“So, we set out to use AI to provide help with decisions. The idea is that the AI technology will be able to identify the clear-cut cases. In many cases, the data itself more or less tells us whether it is a ‘yes’ or a ‘no’ for further treatment.
“The technology is fully embedded in a clinical pathway, which ensures there will always be a clinician who can override what the AI says.”
Data routinely collected prior to an ADHD diagnosis is fed into an AI algorithm and produces three outcomes – yes or no to further treatment or an unclear result that requires further assessment of the patient.
Professor Antoniou said two types of AI technology had been harnessed for the project.
“One is machine-learning-based. We took data from previous cases and trained a prediction model,” he said.
“The second method is knowledge-based. We worked with clinical experts and asked what their diagnosis would be if they are faced with this data. We then encoded this knowledge.”
Professor Antoniou is a globally acknowledged expert in AI and has already helped to develop its potential to predict suicide risk in mental health patients.
The AI solution to diagnosis was developed by Professor Antoniou with his collaborator Professor Marios Adamou, a consultant psychiatrist at South West Yorkshire NHS Trust and a visiting professor at the University of Huddersfield.
“It is the close interplay of AI and medical expertise that has made this development possible,” Professor Antoniou said.
“It is important to have such interdisciplinary collaborations between computer science and health science at Huddersfield.”
The technology could result in significant cost savings for the National Health Service.
The project is being backed by Grow MedTech, which provides specialist support for innovation in medical technology, involving a consortium that includes Leeds, York, Bradford, Sheffield Hallam and Leeds Beckett universities.
Its assistance will enable Professor Antoniou and his collaborators to explore the commercialisation of the product.
The work is taking place at the university’s Planning, Autonomy and Representation of Knowledge Research Centre under the leadership of Professor Antoniou with researchers Ilias Tachmazidis and Tianhua Chen.
The UK has an estimated 1.5 million adults with ADHD. In adults, it can cause emotional symptoms that include extreme irritability, low self-esteem and a sense of insecurity, trouble staying motivated and hypersensitivity to criticism. These problems can result in poor organisational skills, trouble starting and finishing projects, and chronic lateness.
The Royal College of Psychiatrists has also said that people with ADHD were more likely to be involved in criminal behaviour or become suicidal.
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Ten tax points to be aware of in 2026
1. Domestic VAT refund amendments: request your refund within five years
If a business does not apply for the refund on time, they lose their credit.
2. E-invoicing in the UAE
Businesses should continue preparing for the implementation of e-invoicing in the UAE, with 2026 a preparation and transition period ahead of phased mandatory adoption.
3. More tax audits
Tax authorities are increasingly using data already available across multiple filings to identify audit risks.
4. More beneficial VAT and excise tax penalty regime
Tax disputes are expected to become more frequent and more structured, with clearer administrative objection and appeal processes. The UAE has adopted a new penalty regime for VAT and excise disputes, which now mirrors the penalty regime for corporate tax.
5. Greater emphasis on statutory audit
There is a greater need for the accuracy of financial statements. The International Financial Reporting Standards standards need to be strictly adhered to and, as a result, the quality of the audits will need to increase.
6. Further transfer pricing enforcement
Transfer pricing enforcement, which refers to the practice of establishing prices for internal transactions between related entities, is expected to broaden in scope. The UAE will shortly open the possibility to negotiate advance pricing agreements, or essentially rulings for transfer pricing purposes.
7. Limited time periods for audits
Recent amendments also introduce a default five-year limitation period for tax audits and assessments, subject to specific statutory exceptions. While the standard audit and assessment period is five years, this may be extended to up to 15 years in cases involving fraud or tax evasion.
8. Pillar 2 implementation
Many multinational groups will begin to feel the practical effect of the Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax (DMTT), the UAE's implementation of the OECD’s global minimum tax under Pillar 2. While the rules apply for financial years starting on or after January 1, 2025, it is 2026 that marks the transition to an operational phase.
9. Reduced compliance obligations for imported goods and services
Businesses that apply the reverse-charge mechanism for VAT purposes in the UAE may benefit from reduced compliance obligations.
10. Substance and CbC reporting focus
Tax authorities are expected to continue strengthening the enforcement of economic substance and Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting frameworks. In the UAE, these regimes are increasingly being used as risk-assessment tools, providing tax authorities with a comprehensive view of multinational groups’ global footprints and enabling them to assess whether profits are aligned with real economic activity.
Contributed by Thomas Vanhee and Hend Rashwan, Aurifer
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