JAKARTA // Indonesia’s Islamic extremists are playing with fire in trying to establish a foothold in West Kalimantan on the island of Borneo, homeland of the headhunting Dayak people who massacred hundreds of Muslim settlers in an outbreak of communal violence in the late 1990s.
Late last month, reacting to the two-year jail term handed down to deposed Christian Jakarta governor Basuki Purnama for alleged blasphemy, the non-Muslim Dayaks forced two leaders of the hardline Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) to return to Jakarta shortly after they arrived in Pontianak, capital of the West Kalimantan province.
The FPI has also tried to establish a branch in neighbouring Central Kalimantan, where the Dayaks prevented its members from leaving their plane in February 2012, saying their presence was not conducive to religious harmony.
Police and military stepped up street patrols to calm the latest upsurge in tensions after West Kalimantan’s Catholic governor, Cornelis MH, warned he would expel FPI head Rizieq Shihab if he made any attempt to visit the province.
Mr Shihab will not be testing that warning for a while. Wanted by police on hate speech and pornography charges, he has refused to return home from the Haj, flying from Saudi Arabia to Malaysia and then back again when it became clear he would be arrested on arrival in Jakarta.
His lawyers claim the charges are revenge for the leading role the 50-year-old firebrand played in pushing the blasphemy case against Mr Purnama which ended in his resounding defeat in the April 19 gubernatorial election.
West and Central Kalimantan are two of the four provinces in the Indonesian half of Borneo and home to more than 2.5 million mostly Christian Dayaks out of a total population of 6.8 million.
While they are the majority ethnic group in West Kalimantan, the combined Muslim population – comprising Malays, Madurese and Javanese – still outnumber Christians by 51 to 36 per cent.
West Kalimantan is a serious worry because of the potential for re-igniting the violence which erupted there between 1996 and 1997 when the Dayaks killed as many as 1,000 Madurese migrants in Indonesia’s worst blood-letting since the 1960s.
With the police and military unable to protect them, more than 75,000 rural Madurese were forced to flee for their lives and resettle along the coast, where most remain today.
The Madurese come from an island of the same name off the east coast of Java, Indonesia’s most populous island, first migrating to West Kalimantan in the early 1900s to work in Dutch colonial-era rubber plantations.
The 1996-97 bloodshed erupted after several incidents, including the murder of four Dayak teenagers who were dragged off a bus by a Madurese mob before being hacked to death, and an unprovoked attack on a Dayak girls’ boarding school in which pupils were physically assaulted.
Slow to be aroused, the Dayaks went on the rampage once the mangkok merah, a "red bowl" smeared with chicken blood, began to be passed from village to village, the traditional method of declaring war.
In the ritualistic mayhem that followed, Dayak raiding parties burnt villages and beheaded many of their victims, leaving the heads on roadside stakes, drinking their blood and in some cases eating their livers and hearts.
The three months of terror stemmed from long-standing enmity between the ethnic groups, involving land disputes and Dayak complaints about the Madurese being too quick to anger and too quick to pull a knife.
Religion was not the major issue in West Kalimantan then, but the arrival of four Muslim clerics during the bloodshed did exacerbate tensions, with rumours circulating that they were there to start a holy war. The fallout from the Purnama case means religion could now become much more of a trigger, as happened in the eastern Indonesian islands of Maluku and Sulawesi between 1999 and 2001 when 5,000 people died in bloody sectarian violence.
Minorities in major enclaves like West Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, Bali, Papua and East Nusa Tenggara are increasingly nervous about the rise of conservative Islam and what that means for the future of a country that has always prided itself on being unified in diversity.
Self-serving politicians are being largely blamed for fuelling religious tensions, oblivious to the harm it might do as Indonesia approaches the 2019 legislative and presidential elections when political temperatures will be on the rise.
President Joko Widodo has hardly helped, on the one hand calling for unity, and on the other threatening to whack those who threaten unity.
It is still too early to determine if the marriage between conservative Islam and populist politics, which came to the fore during the Jakarta election, will play out on the wider national stage.
But a recent poll showed that more than 70 per cent of Indonesians still reject the idea of an Islamic state and that democracy based on the Pancasila, the state ideology, is their preferred form of government. That preference is reflected in the past four national elections where the Sharia-based Justice and Prosperity and United Development parties have garnered only 12-13 per cent of the vote.
However, many Indonesian Muslims find it difficult to decide what is the more important guiding principle in their lives – Pancasila or Islam.
The fact that Purnama got into trouble over a verse in the Quran – by asking whether Muslims should be ruled by non-Muslims – shows national leaders are not brave enough to address the contradiction, let alone resolve it.
In West Kalimantan, that has never really been the issue, with the current Christian governor now into his second term after replacing his Muslim predecessor in 2008.
But as the strife that struck Maluku and Central Sulawesi has shown, Islamic hardliners like to target regions where there is a tenuous religious balance to exploit.
With the Dayaks, however, they may be playing with a powder keg.
foreign.desk@thenational.ae
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Ways to control drones
Countries have been coming up with ways to restrict and monitor the use of non-commercial drones to keep them from trespassing on controlled areas such as airports.
"Drones vary in size and some can be as big as a small city car - so imagine the impact of one hitting an airplane. It's a huge risk, especially when commercial airliners are not designed to make or take sudden evasive manoeuvres like drones can" says Saj Ahmed, chief analyst at London-based StrategicAero Research.
New measures have now been taken to monitor drone activity, Geo-fencing technology is one.
It's a method designed to prevent drones from drifting into banned areas. The technology uses GPS location signals to stop its machines flying close to airports and other restricted zones.
The European commission has recently announced a blueprint to make drone use in low-level airspace safe, secure and environmentally friendly. This process is called “U-Space” – it covers altitudes of up to 150 metres. It is also noteworthy that that UK Civil Aviation Authority recommends drones to be flown at no higher than 400ft. “U-Space” technology will be governed by a system similar to air traffic control management, which will be automated using tools like geo-fencing.
The UAE has drawn serious measures to ensure users register their devices under strict new laws. Authorities have urged that users must obtain approval in advance before flying the drones, non registered drone use in Dubai will result in a fine of up to twenty thousand dirhams under a new resolution approved by Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed, Crown Prince of Dubai.
Mr Ahmad suggest that "Hefty fines running into hundreds of thousands of dollars need to compensate for the cost of airport disruption and flight diversions to lengthy jail spells, confiscation of travel rights and use of drones for a lengthy period" must be enforced in order to reduce airport intrusion.
WHAT%20IS%20THE%20LICENSING%20PROCESS%20FOR%20VARA%3F
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Spring break will be from March 8 - 19
Public school pupils will undergo distance learning from March 22 - April 2. School hours will be 8.30am to 1.30pm
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Teaching hours will be 8am to 2pm during distance learning
Pupils will return to school for normal lessons from April 5
Another way to earn air miles
In addition to the Emirates and Etihad programmes, there is the Air Miles Middle East card, which offers members the ability to choose any airline, has no black-out dates and no restrictions on seat availability. Air Miles is linked up to HSBC credit cards and can also be earned through retail partners such as Spinneys, Sharaf DG and The Toy Store.
An Emirates Dubai-London round-trip ticket costs 180,000 miles on the Air Miles website. But customers earn these ‘miles’ at a much faster rate than airline miles. Adidas offers two air miles per Dh1 spent. Air Miles has partnerships with websites as well, so booking.com and agoda.com offer three miles per Dh1 spent.
“If you use your HSBC credit card when shopping at our partners, you are able to earn Air Miles twice which will mean you can get that flight reward faster and for less spend,” says Paul Lacey, the managing director for Europe, Middle East and India for Aimia, which owns and operates Air Miles Middle East.
Employment lawyer Meriel Schindler of Withers Worldwide shares her tips on achieving equal pay
Do your homework
Make sure that you are being offered a fair salary. There is lots of industry data available, and you can always talk to people who have come out of the organisation. Where I see people coming a cropper is where they haven’t done their homework.
Don’t be afraid to negotiate
It’s quite standard to negotiate if you think an offer is on the low side. The job is unlikely to be withdrawn if you ask for money, and if that did happen I’d question whether you want to work for an employer who is so hypersensitive.
Know your worth
Women tend to be a bit more reticent to talk about their achievements. In my experience they need to have more confidence in their own abilities – men will big up what they’ve done to get a pay rise, and to compete women need to turn up the volume.
Work together
If you suspect men in your organisation are being paid more, look your boss in the eye and say, “I want you to assure me that I’m paid equivalent to my peers”. If you’re not getting a straight answer, talk to your peer group and consider taking direct action to fix inequality.
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Company Fact Box
Company name/date started: Abwaab Technologies / September 2019
Founders: Hamdi Tabbaa, co-founder and CEO. Hussein Alsarabi, co-founder and CTO
Based: Amman, Jordan
Sector: Education Technology
Size (employees/revenue): Total team size: 65. Full-time employees: 25. Revenue undisclosed
Stage: early-stage startup
Investors: Adam Tech Ventures, Endure Capital, Equitrust, the World Bank-backed Innovative Startups SMEs Fund, a London investment fund, a number of former and current executives from Uber and Netflix, among others.
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Tottenham Hotspur 1
Kane (50')
Newcastle United 0
GAC GS8 Specs
Engine: 2.0-litre 4cyl turbo
Power: 248hp at 5,200rpm
Torque: 400Nm at 1,750-4,000rpm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 9.1L/100km
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It’ll be summer in the city as car show tries to move with the times
If 2008 was the year that rocked Detroit, 2019 will be when Motor City gives its annual car extravaganza a revamp that aims to move with the times.
A major change is that this week's North American International Auto Show will be the last to be held in January, after which the event will switch to June.
The new date, organisers said, will allow exhibitors to move vehicles and activities outside the Cobo Center's halls and into other city venues, unencumbered by cold January weather, exemplified this week by snow and ice.
In a market in which trends can easily be outpaced beyond one event, the need to do so was probably exacerbated by the decision of Germany's big three carmakers – BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Audi – to skip the auto show this year.
The show has long allowed car enthusiasts to sit behind the wheel of the latest models at the start of the calendar year but a more fluid car market in an online world has made sales less seasonal.
Similarly, everyday technology seems to be catching up on those whose job it is to get behind microphones and try and tempt the visiting public into making a purchase.
Although sparkly announcers clasp iPads and outline the technical gadgetry hidden beneath bonnets, people's obsession with their own smartphones often appeared to offer a more tempting distraction.
“It's maddening,” said one such worker at Nissan's stand.
The absence of some pizzazz, as well as top marques, was also noted by patrons.
“It looks like there are a few less cars this year,” one annual attendee said of this year's exhibitors.
“I can't help but think it's easier to stay at home than to brave the snow and come here.”
Company Profile
Name: Thndr
Started: 2019
Co-founders: Ahmad Hammouda and Seif Amr
Sector: FinTech
Headquarters: Egypt
UAE base: Hub71, Abu Dhabi
Current number of staff: More than 150
Funds raised: $22 million
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BMW M5 specs
Engine: 4.4-litre twin-turbo V-8 petrol enging with additional electric motor
Power: 727hp
Torque: 1,000Nm
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Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
Other workplace saving schemes
- The UAE government announced a retirement savings plan for private and free zone sector employees in 2023.
- Dubai’s savings retirement scheme for foreign employees working in the emirate’s government and public sector came into effect in 2022.
- National Bonds unveiled a Golden Pension Scheme in 2022 to help private-sector foreign employees with their financial planning.
- In April 2021, Hayah Insurance unveiled a workplace savings plan to help UAE employees save for their retirement.
- Lunate, an Abu Dhabi-based investment manager, has launched a fund that will allow UAE private companies to offer employees investment returns on end-of-service benefits.
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